46 
pliny's natural history. 
[Book XI. 
foar in number upon one head. In females the horns are gene- 
rally thinner than in the males, as is the case, also, with most 
kinds of wool-bearing animals. 
Eo individuals, however, among sheep, or hinds, nor yet 
any that have the feet divided into toes, or that have solid 
hoofs, are furnished with horns ; with, the sole exception of 
the Indian ass,*^^ which is armed with a single horn. To the 
beasts that are cloven-footed J^ature has granted two horns, 
but to those that have fore-teeth in the upper jaw, she has 
given none. Those persons who entertain the notion that the 
substance of these teeth is expended in the formation of the 
horns, are easily to be refuted, if we only consider the case of 
the hind, which has no more teeth than the male, and yet 
is without horns altogether. In the stag the horn is only 
imbedded in the skin, but in the other'^'' animals it adheres to 
the bone. 
CUAP. 46. THE HEADS OF ANIMALS. THOSE WHICH HAVE NONE. 
The head of the fish is very large in proportion to the rest 
of the body, probably, to facilitate its diving under water. 
Animals of the oyster and the sponge kind have no head, 
which is the case, also, with most of the other kinds, whose 
only sense is that of touch. Some, again, have the head 
blended with the body, the crab, for instance. 
CHAP. 47. THE HAIR. 
Of all animals man has the longest hair upon the head ; which 
is the case more especially with those nations where the men and 
women in common leave the hair to grow, and do not cut it. 
Indeed, it is from this fact, that the inhabitants of the Alps 
have obtained from us the name of Capillati,""^^ as also those 
of Gallia, Comata."'^ There is, however, a great difference 
in this respect according to the various countries. In the 
island of Myconus,^^ the people are born without hair, just 
as at Caunus the inhabitants are afflicted with the spleen 
'^^ The rhinoceros. See B. Tiii. c. 39. 
He surely must except the Phrygian oxen with the moveable horns, 
which he has previously mentioned. 
Or "long-haired," See B. iii. c. 7. 
79 See B. iv. c. 31. so gee B. iv. c. 22. 
