Chap. 52.] 
THE EYES. 
49 
which we have mentioned^' as cartilaginous, and the viper. 
These animals have only cavities instead of ears, with the ex* 
ception of the cartilaginous fishes and the dolphin, which last, 
however, it is quite clear possesses the sense of hearing, for it is 
charmed by singing, and is often taken while enraptured with 
the melody : how it is that it does hear, is quite marvellous. 
These animals, too, have not the slightest trace of olfactory 
organs, and yet they have a most acute sense of smell. 
Among the winged animals, only the horned owl and the long- 
eared owl have feathers which project like ears, the rest having 
only cavities for the purpose of hearing ; the same is the case, 
also, with the scaly animals and the serpents. Among horses 
and beasts of burden of all kinds, it is the ears which indicate 
the natural feelings; when the animal is weary, they are droop- 
ing and flaccid ; when it is startled, they quiver to and fro ; 
when it is enraged, they are pricked up ; and when it is ailing, 
they are pendant. 
CHAP. 51. THE FACE, THE FOEEHEAD, AND THE EYE-BEOWS. 
Man is the only creature that has a face, the other animals 
having only a muzzle or a beak. Other animals have a fore- 
head as well, but it is only on the forehead of man that is 
depicted sorrow, gladness, compassion, or severity. It is the 
forehead that is the index of the mind. Man has eyebrows, 
also, which move together or alternately ; these, too, serve in 
some measure as indications of the feelings. Do we deny or 
do we assent, it is the eyebrows, mostly, that indicate our 
intentions. Feelings of pride may be generated elsewhere, 
but it is here that they have their principal abode ; it is in the 
heart that they take their rise, but it is to the eyebrows that 
they mount, and here they take up their position. In no part 
of the body could they meet with a spot more lofty and more 
precipitous, in which to establish themselves free from all 
control. 
CHAP. 52. THE EYES— ANIMALS WHICH HAVE NO EYES, OE HAVE 
ONLY ONE EYE. 
Below the forehead are the eyes, which form the most pre- 
cious portion of the human body, and which, by the enjoyment 
VOL. III. 
87 B. ix. c. 40. 
