Chap. 59.] 
THE NOSTEILS. 
53 
eyelid only, and the birds on the lower one : the same is the 
case also with those which have a soft skin, such as the serpent, 
and those among the quadrupeds that are oviparous, the lizard, 
for instance. The ostrich is the only one among the birds 
that, like man, has eyelashes on either side. 
CHA-P. 57. ANIMALS WHICH HAVE 1^0 EYELIDS. 
All birds, however, have not eyelids: hence it is, that 
those which are viviparous have no nictation of the eye. 
The heavier kinds of birds shut the eye by means of the 
lower eyelid, and they wink by drawing forward a mem- 
brane which lies in the corner of the eye. Pigeons, and other 
birds of a similar nature, shut the two eyelids ; but the quad- 
rupeds which are oviparous, such, for instance, as the tortoise 
and the crocodile, have only the lower eyelid moveable, and 
never wink, in consequence of the hardness of the eye. The 
edge of the upper eyelid was by the ancients called cilium," 
from which comes our word supercilia.^" If the eyelid 
happens to be severed by a wound it will not reunite, which 
is the case also with some few other parts of the human body. 
CHAP. 58. — THE CHEEKS. 
Below the eyes are the cheeks, a feature which is found 
in man only. From the ancients they received the name of 
genee," and by the laws of the Twelve Tables, women were 
forbidden to tear them.^^ The cheeks are the seat of 
bashfulness ; it is on them more particularly that blushes are 
to be seen. 
CHAP. 59. THE NOSTEILS. 
Within the cheeks is the mouth, which gives such strong 
indications of the feelings of joyousness and laughter ; and 
above it, but in man only, is the nose, which modem notions 
have stamped as the exponent of sarcasm and ridicule.-^^ In 
no other animal but man, is the nose thus prominent ; birds, 
serpents, and fishes, have no nostrils, but apertures only for 
the purpose of smell. It is from the peculiarity of the nose 
^ "The eyebrows." 
10 This is not the fact. 
1^ With their nails when mourning for the dead. 
12 Hence the word /'nasutus," a sneering, captious, or sarcastic man. 
