60 
PLINy's IS^ATUEAL HISTOHT. 
[Book XI. 
Timarchus, the son of Mcocles the Paphian, had a double 
row of teeth in his jaws : the same person had a brother also 
who never changed his front teeth, and, consequently, wore 
them to the very stumps. There is an instance, also, of a man 
having a tooth growing in the palate.^^ The canine teeth,*^ 
when lost by any accident, are never known to come again. 
While in all other animals the teeth grow of a tawny colour 
with old age, with the horse, and him only, they become whiter 
the older he grows. 
CHAP. 64. HOW AN ESTIMATE IS FORMED OP THE AGE 
OF ANIMALS FROM THEIR TEETH. 
The age, in beasts of burden,^^ is indicated by the teeth. In 
the horse they arp forty in number. At thirty months it 
loses the two fore-teeth in either jaw, and in the following year 
the same number next to them, at the time that the eye-teeth 
come. At the beginning of the fifth year the animal loses two 
teeth, which grow again in the sixth, and in the seventh it has 
all its teeth, those which have replaced the others, and those 
which have never been changed. If a horse is gelded*^ before 
it changes its teeth, it never sheds them. In a similar manner, 
also, the ass loses four of its teeth in the thirtieth month, and 
the others from six months to six months. If a she-ass hap- 
pens not to have foaled before the last of these teeth are shed, 
it is sure to be barren.** Oxen change their teeth at two years 
old: with swine they are never changed.*^ "When these 
several indications of age have been lost in horses and other 
beasts of burden, the age is ascertained by the projecting of 
the teeth, the greyness of the hair in the eyebrows, and the 
hollow pits that form around them ; at this period the animal 
is supposed to be about sixteen*^ years old. In the human 
This is not very uncommon. 
39 Not at all an uncommon occurrence. 
*o Of the second set. 
*i It is only in the horse and the ass that these indications can be re- 
lied upon. ^2 Columellares. 
*3 This has no such effect. 
The contrary is the case : it will he more prolific. 
^5 Swine change them just the same as other animals. 
By certain appearances in the incisors, the age of a horse up to its 
twenty-fourth year, or even beyond, may be judged of : the other signs 
cannot be so positively relied upon. 
