Chap. 67.] 
THE MCK. 
63 
name of epiglossis,"^"^ but it is wanting in animals that are. 
oviparous. Placed as it is between two passages, the functions 
of the epiglottis are of a twofold nature. The one of these 
passages that lies more inward is called the [tracheal] artery, 
and leads to the lungs and the heart : the epiglottis covers it 
during the action of eating, that the drink or food may not go 
the wrong way, and so be productive of suffering, as it is by 
this passage that the breath and the voice are conveyed. The 
other or exterior passage is called the '^gula,"^ and it is by 
this passage that the victuals and drink pass : this leads to the 
belly, while the former one communicates with the chest. 
The epiglottis covers the pharj'nx, in its turn, when only the 
breath or the voice is passing, in order that the victuals may 
not inopportunely pass upwards, and so disturb the breathing 
or articulation. The tracheal artery is composed of cartilage 
and flesh, while the gullet is formed of a sinewy substance 
united with flesh. 
CHAP. 67. THE NECK ; THE THROAT; THE DOKSAL SPINE. 
The neck is found to exist in no animal but those which 
have both these passages. All the others which have the 
gullet only, have nothing but a gorge or throat. In those 
which have a neck, it is formed of several rounded vertebrae, 
and is flexible, and joined together by distinct articulations, to 
allow of the animal turning round the head to look. The 
lion, the wolf, and the hyaena are the only animals in which 
it is formed of a single rigid bone. The neck is annexed to 
the spine, and the spine to the loins, The vertebral column 
is of a bony substance, but rounded, and pierced within, 
to afibrd a passage for the marrow to descend from the brain. 
It is generally concluded that the marrow is of the same nature 
as the brain, from the fact that if the membrane of exceeding 
thinness which covers it is pierced, death immediately en sues. 
Those animals which have long legs have a long throat as well, 
More generally epiglottis," It is found in some few reptiles. This 
passage is omitted by Sillig. 
Gullet, or pharynx. 
Stomachum. 
All these animals, on the contrary, have seven vertebrae. 
This is not the fact. The spinal marrov^^, even, may be wounded, 
^vithoiit death being tlie immediate result. 
