Chap. 102.] 
THE KNEES AIS^D THE HAMS. 
87 
blance to man in the face, the nostrils, the ears, and the eye- 
lids ; being the only quadrupeds, in fact, that have eyelaslies on 
the lower eyelid. They have maminse also on the breast, arms 
and legs, which bend in opposite directions, and nails upon 
the hands and fingers, the middle finger being the longest. 
They difi'er somewhat from man in the feet ; which, like the 
hands, are of remarkable length, and have a print similar to 
that of the palm of our hand. They have a tliurab also, and 
articulations similar to those in man. The males differ from 
man in the sexual parts only, while all the internal viscera 
exactly resemble those of man. 
CHAP. 101. (45.) THE NAILS. 
It is generally supposed that the nails are the terminations 
of the sinews. All animals which have fingers have nails as 
well. In the ape they are long and overlapping, like a tile, 
while in man they are broad : they will grow even after death. 
In the beasts of prey they are hooked, while in others, such 
as the dog, for instance, they are straight, with the exception, 
indeed, of the one which is attached to the leg in most of 
them. All the animals which have feet [and not hoofs], have 
toes as well, except the elephant ; he, also, would appear to 
have toes, five in number, but rudely developed, undivided, 
and hardly distinct from one another, bearing a nearer resem- 
j blance, in fact, to hoofs than to claws. In the elephant the 
I fore-feet are the largest, and in the hind-feet there are short 
1 joints. This animal is able, also, to bend the hams inward 
1 like a man, while in all the others the joints of the hinder 
legs bend in a contrary direction to those of the fore ones. 
Those animals which are viviparous bend the fore-leg forward, 
while the joint of the hind-leg is directed backward. 
CHAP. 102. THE KNEES AND THE HAMS. 
In man the knee and the elbow bend contrary ways ; the 
same is the case, too, with the bear and the ape, and it is for 
this reason that they are not so swift of foot as other ani- 
mals. Those quadrupeds which are oviparous, such as the 
crocodile and the lizard, bend the knee of the fore -leg back- 
us This seems to be the meaning of " imbricatus." 
