Chap. 106.], 
HOOFS. 
89 
C. Marius, who was seven times consul, was the only man ever 
known to be able to have them extracted in a standing po- 
sition. 
CHAP. 105. THE GAIT, THE FEET, THE LEGS. 
All animals take a right-hand direction when they first 
begin to walk, and lie down on the left side. "While the other 
animals walk just as it may happen, the lion only and the 
camel walk foot by foot, or in such a way that the left foot 
never passes the right, but always comes behind it. Men have 
the largest feet ; in every kind of animal the female has the 
smallest. Man only^^ has calves, and flesh upon the legs : we 
find it stated by authors, however, that there was once an 
Egyptian who had no calves on his legs. All men, too, with 
some few exceptions, have a sole to the foot. It is from these 
exceptional cases that persons have obtained the names of 
Plancus,*^ Plautus, Pansa, and Scaurus ; just as, from the mal- 
formation of th6 legs, we find persons called Varus, ^'-^ Yacia, and 
Yatinius, all which blemishes are to be seen in quadrupeds 
also. Animals which have no horns have a solid hoof, from 
which circumstance it is used by them as a weapon of offence, 
in place of horns; such animals as these are also des- 
titute of pastern bones, but those which have cloven hoofs 
have them ; while those, again, which have toes have none, 
nor are they ever found in the fore-feet of animals. The 
camel has pastern bones like those of the ox, but somewhat 
smaller, the feet being cloven, with a slight line of division, 
and having a fleshy sole, like that of the bear : hence it is, 
that in a long journey, the animal becomes fatigued, and the 
foot cracks, if it is not shod. 
CHAP. 106, (46.) HOOFS. 
The horn of the hoof grows again in no animals except 
beasts of burden. The swine in some places in lUyricum 
have solid hoofs. Nearly all the horned animals are cloven- 
footed, no animal having solid hoofs and two horns. The 
Indian ass is only a one-horned animal, and the oryx is both 
Tke frog is, in some measure, an exception. 
Or " flat-foot," ^' splay-foot," " large-foot," and " club-footed." 
*2 Words meaning "knock-kneed," ''bow-legged," and "wry-legged." 
