Chap. 32.] 
VARIOUS KIKDS OF rRANKIKCElS'SE. 
127 
plunder his neighbour. But, by Hercules! at Alexandria, 
where the incense is dressed for sale, the workshops can never 
be guarded with sufficient care ; a seal is even placed upon the 
workmen's aprons, and a mask put upon the head, or else a 
net with very close meshes, while the people are stripped 
naked before they are allowed to leave work. So true it is 
that punishments afford less security among us than is to be 
found by these Arabians amid their woods and forests ! The 
incense which has accumulated during the summer is gathered 
in the autumn : it is the purest of all, and is of a white colour. 
The second gathering takes place in spring, incisions being 
made in the bark for that purpose during the winter : this, 
however, is of a red colour, and not to be compared with the 
other incense. The first, or superior kind of incense, is known 
as carfiathum,^^ the latter is called dathiathum. It is thought, 
also, that the incense which is gathered from the tree while 
young is the whitest, though the produce of the old trees has 
the most powerful smell ; some persons, too, have an impres- 
sion that the best incense is found in the islands, but Juba 
asserts that no incense at all is grown there. 
That incense which has hung suspended in globular drops is 
known to us as *'male*' frankincense, although it is mostly 
the case that we do not use the term male" except in con- 
tradistinction to the word female :" it has been attributed, 
however, to religious scruples, that the name of the other sex 
was not employed as a denomination for this substance. Some 
persons, again, are of opinion that the male frankincense has 
been so called from its resemblance^ to the testes of the male. 
The incense, however, that is the most esteemed of all is that 
which is mammose, or breast-shaped, and is produced when 
one drop has stopped short, and another, following close upon 
it, has adhered, and united with it. I find it stated that one 
of these lumps used to make quite a handful, at a time when 
men displayed less eagerness to gather it, and it was allowed 
more time to accumulate. The Greeks call such lumps as 
®^ These words are said by some to be derived from the Greek, *cap06c, 
" a hollow stalk/' on account of its lightness, and dg.diov, " a torch/* on 
account of its resinous and inflammable qualities. It is, however, much 
more probable that they were derived from the Arabic, and not from the 
Celto-Scythic, as Poinsinet conjectures. 
* Fee is probably right in his conjecture, that it was so called solely in 
consequence of its superior strength. 
