Ohap. 2.] 
UlS^aUEKTS. 
161 
repute of which was afterwards eclipsed by those of ^sTeapolis, 
Capua, and Prseneste. Oil of saffron/^ from Soli in Cilicia, 
was for a long time held in repute beyond any other, and then 
that from Ehodes ; after which perfume of oenanthe/^ from Cy- 
prus, came into fashion, and then that of Egypt was preferred. 
At a later period that of Adramytteum came into vogue, and 
then was supplanted by unguent of marjoram, from Cos, 
which in its turn was superseded by quince blossom unguent 
from the same place. As to perfume of Cyprus, that from 
the island of Cyprus was at first preferred, and then that of 
Egypt ; when all on a sudden the unguents of Mendes and 
metopium rose into esteem. In later times Phoenicia eclipsed 
Egypt in the manufacture of these last two, but left to that 
country the repute of producing the best unguent of Cyprus. 
Athens has perseveringly maintained the repute of her 
panathenaicon.^^ There was formerly a famous unguent, 
known as '^pardalium,"^^ and made at Tarsus; at the present 
day its very composition and the mode of mixing it are quite 
unknown there : they have left off, too, making unguent of 
narcissus from the flowers of that plant. 
There are two elements which enter into the composition of 
unguents, the juices and the solid parts. The former generally 
consist of various kinds of oils, the latter of odoriferous sub- 
stances. These last are known as hedysmata, while the oils 
are called stymmata.^^ There is a third element, which occu- 
lt Crocinum ; made from the Crocus sativus of naturalists. 
1^ See B. xii. c. 62. It was made from the flowers of the vine, mixed 
with ompbacium. 
Amaracinum. The amaracus is supposed to have been the Origanum 
majoranoides of the moderns. Dioscorides, B. i. c. 69, says that the best 
was made at Cyzicus. 
IS MeUnum. See B. xxiii. c. 54. 
Oyprinum. See B. xii. c. 51. The Cyprus was the modem Law- 
sonia inermis. 
^8 Made from the oil of bitter almonds. See B. xv, c. 7. 
^9 Or " all Athenian." Wo find in Athenseus, B. xv. c. 15, the com- 
position of this unguent. 
20 From what is said by Apollonius in the passage of Athenjeus last 
quoted, it has been thought that this was the same as the unguent called nar- 
dinura. It is very doubtful, however. 
2^ Narcissinum, See B. xxi. c. 75. Dioscorides gives the composition 
of this unguent, B. i. c. 54. 
2^ Among the stymmata, Dioscorides ranges the sweet-rush, the sweet- 
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