Chap. 7.] 
AETIFICIAL OILS. 
289 
pounded; and from mastich'^"' also. As to the oil called 
cyprinum,"'^^ and that extracted from the Egyptian berry, 
we have already mentioned the mode in which they are pre- 
pared as perfumes. The Indians, too, are said to extract oils 
from the chesnut,^^ sesamum, and rice,®^ and the Ichthy- 
ophagi from fish. Scarcity of oil for the supply of lamps 
sometimes compels us to make it from the berries ®^ of the plane- 
tree, which are first steeped in salt and water. 
CEnanthinum,^^ again, is made from the oenanthe, as we have 
already stated when speaking of perfumes. In making gleu- 
cinum,^^ must is boiled with olive-oil at a slow heat ; some 
persons, however, do not employ fire in making it, but leave a 
vessel, filled with oil and must, surrounded with grape husks, 
for two and twenty days, taking care to stir it twice a day : 
by the end of that period the whole of the must is imbibed 
by the oil. Some persons mix with this not only sampsu- 
chum, but perfumes of still greater price : that, too, which is 
used in the gymnasia is scented with perfumes as well, but 
those of the very lowest quality. Oils are made, too, from as- 
palathus,^^ from calamus,^^ baisamum,^^ cardamum,^^ melilot, 
Gallic nard, pan ax, sampsuchum,^^ helenium, and root of 
cinnamomum,^^ the plants being first left to steep in oil, and 
then pressed. In a similar manner, too, rhodinum is made 
from roses, and juncinum from the sweet rush, bearing a remark- 
able^* resemblance to rose-oil : other oils, again, are extracted 
'''^ A fixed oil. See B. xii. c. 36. The seeds were used for making it. 
See B. xxiii. c. 45. 
See B. xii. c. 51, and B. xxiii. c. 45. The leaves of the Lawsonia 
are very odoriferous. 
"^^ The myrobalanus, or ben. See B. xii. c. 46, and B. xxiii. c. 46. 
Neither the chesnut nor rice produce any kind of fixed oil. 
81 See B. xvii. c. 13. 
82 Or Fish-eaters. See B. xxxii. c. 38. This is one of the fixed oils. 
In reality, no fixed oil can he obtained from them. 
8* Or wild vine. See B. xii. c. 61, and B. xiii. c. 2. 
8^ Not an oil, so much as a medicinal preparation. Dioscorides mentions 
as component parts of it, omphacium, sweet rush, Celtic nard, aspalathus, 
costus, and must. It received its name from yXevKOi;, " must*" 
86 The Convolvulus scoparius of Linnaeus. See B. xii. c, 52, and B. xiii. 
c. 2. 87 See B, xii. c. 95. 
88 Sec B. xii. c. 54, and B. xiii. c. 2. 89 See B. xii. c. 29. 
90 See B. xii. c. 57. gee B. xiii. c. 2, p. 163. 
»2 See B. xii. c. 41. ^3 gee B. xiii. c. 2. 
9* Fee doubts the possibility of such a resemblance. 
VOL. III. XT 
