3/0 
plint's natubal histohy. 
[Book XVI. 
CHAP. 29. (17.) — POTJR VARIETIES OP THE ELM. 
Midway between the preceding ones and the fruit-trees 
stands the elm, partaking of the nature of the former in its 
wood, and being akin to the latter in the friendship which it 
manifests for the vine.^ The Greeks distinguish two varieties of 
this tree : the mountain^ elm, which is the larger of the two, 
and that of the plains, which is more shrubby, Italy gives 
the name of Atinia"^^ to the more lofty kinds, and gives the 
preference to those which are of a dry nature and will not 
grow in damp localities. Another variety is the Gallic elm,^^ 
and a third, the Italian, with leaves lying closer together, and 
springing in greater numbers from a single stalk. A fourth 
kind is the wild elm. The Atinia does not produce any 
samara, ^'"^ that being the name given to the seed of the elm. 
All the elms will grow from slips or cuttings, and all of them, 
with the exception of the Atinia, may be propagated from 
seed. 
CHAP, 30. (18.) THE I^ATIJEES OF THE VAEIOTJS TEEES ACCOEDING 
TO THEIE LOCALITIES : THE MOUNTAIN TEEES, AND THE TEEES 
OF THE PLAIN. 
Having now made mention of the more remarkable trees, it 
remains for me to state some general facts connected with 
them all. The cedar, the larch, the torch- tree, and the other 
resinous trees prefer mountainous localities : the same is 
the case also with the aquifolia, the box, the holm-oak, the 
juniper, the terebinth, the poplar^ the wild mountain- ash, and 
8 Although (in common, too, with other trees) it is used as a support for 
the vine, that does not any the more make it of the same nature as the 
fruit-trees. 
9 The Ulmus effusa of Willdenow ; the Ulmus montana of Smith : Flor. 
Brit. 
1^ The Ulmus campestris of Linnaeus ; the Ulmus marita of other be- 
tanists, The ordinary elm. Fee thinks. 
^2 A variety of the Ulmus campestris, probably. 
1^ This name is still preserved by botanists. Pliny is incorrect in saying 
that the large elm produces no seed, the only difference being that the seed 
is smaller than in the other kinds. Columella, B. v. c. 6, contradicts the 
statement here made by Pliny, but says that it appears to be sterile, in 
comparison with the others. 
The Pinus maritima of Linnaeus, which produces the greater part of i 
the resins used in France, is found, however, in great abundance in the i 
flat country of the Landes. 
