Chap. 3o.] 
CULTURE OP THE TINE. 
613 
ap, then twenty feet^"^ every way will do. A single tree is 
often made to support as many as ten vines, and the grower is 
greatty censured who attaches less than three. It is worse 
than useless to attach the vine before the tree has gained its 
full strength, as in such case its rapidity of growth would 
only tend to kill the tree. It is necessary to plant the vine 
in a trench three feet in depth, leaving an interval of one 
foot between it and the tree. In this case there is no neces- 
sity for using mallet shoots, or for going to any expense in. 
spading or digging ; for this method of training on trees has 
this advantage in particular, that it is beneficial even to the 
vine that corn should be sown in the same soil ; in addition to 
which, from its height, it is quite able to protect itself, and 
does not call for the necessity, as in the case of an ordinary 
vineyard, of enclosing it with walls and hedges or ditches, 
made at a considerable expense, to protect it from injury by 
animals. 
In the method of training upon trees, reproduction from 
quicksets or from layers is the only mode employed of all 
those that have been previously described ; the growing by 
layers being effected two different ways, as already mentioned. 
The plan, however, of growing from layers in baskets set upon 
the stages of the tree is the most approved one, as it ensures 
an efficient protection from the ravages of cattle ; while, accord- 
ing to another method, a vine or else a stock-branch is bent 
into the ground near the tree it has previously occupied, or else 
the nearest one that may be at liberty. It is recommended 
that all parts of the parent tree that appear above ground 
should then be scraped, so that it may not throw out wood ; 
while at the same time there are never less than four buds on 
the part that is put into the ground for the purpose of taking 
root ; there are also two buds left above ground at the head. 
The vine intended for training on a tree is planted in a furrow 
four feet long, three broad, and two and a half in depth. At 
the end of a year the layer is cut to the pith, to enable it to 
strengthen gradually at the root ; after which, the end of the 
branch is pruned down to within two buds from the ground. 
At the end of two years the layer is completely separated 
from the stock, and buried deeper in the ground, that it may 
57 From Columella, B. v. c. 7. 
58 This method is no longer employed, 
YOL. m. 
