90 
PLINY' 3 IS-ATITKAL HISTORY. 
[Book XXY. 
other kinds, that more particularly is held in disesteem which 
is black and soft, such being a proof, in fact, that it has been 
adulterated with wax, 
CHAP. 12. THE PAXACES HERACLEON I TH1?EE EEMEDIES. 
A second kind of panaces is known by the name of hera- 
cleon,"^^ from the fact that it was first discovered by Hercules. 
Some persons, however, call it Ileracleotic origanum," or 
wild origanum, from its strong resemblance to the origanum 
of which we have already^^ spoken : the root of it is good ibr 
nothing. 
CHAP. 13. THE PANACES CHIRONIOI^ : EOUR llEMEDIES. 
A third kind of panaces is surnamed ^' chironion," from 
him^^ who first discovered it. The leaf is similar to that of 
lapathum, except that it is larger and more hairy ; the flower 
is of a golden colour, and the root diminutive. It grows in rich, 
unctuous soils. The flower of this plant is extremely effi- 
cacious ; hence it is that it is more generally used than the 
kinds previously mentioned. 
CHAP. 14. THE PANACES CENTAURION OR PHARNACION : 
THREE REMEDIES. 
A fourth kind of panaces, discovered also by Chiron, is 
known by the additional name of ^' centaurion it is also 
called pharnacion," from King Pharnaces, it being a matter 
in dispute whether it was really discovered by Chiron or by 
that prince. It is grown from seed,^^ and the leaves of it are 
longer than those of the other kinds, and serrated at the edge. 
The root, which is odoriferous, is dried in the shade, and is 
used for imparting an aroma to wine. Some writers distin- 
60 Identified with the Laserpitium Chironium of Linnaeus, otherwise 
called Pastinaca opopanax. Fee observes, tliat when the word * Panaces ' 
is used alone, this plant is always the one meant. 
«i In B. XX. CO. 62, 69. 
^2 The Centaur Chiron; see B. vii. c. 57. Sprengel identifies this plant 
with the Hypericum origanifolium of Willdenow, but Fee is inclined to 
think that its synonym is still unknown. M. Fraas, in his Synopsis, p. 
139, identifies it with the Hypericum Olympicum, an odoriferous plant, 
which the H. organifoKura^is not. 
The Centaurea centaurium of Linnaeus, the greater centaury. 
6^ " Seritur." 
