Chap. 60.] 
ArPECTIOIfS OF THE BLADDEE. 
349 
which we have spoken of as being found in the excrements 
of the wolf, worn attached to the arm, are curative of diseases 
of the colon, provided they have not been allowed to touch the 
ground. Polea, too, a substance already mentioned,'^ is re- 
markably useful for this purpose, boiled in grape juice i"^^ the 
same too with swine's dung, powdered and mixed with cum- 
min, in a decoction of rue. The antler of a young stag, 
reduced to ashes and taken in wine, mixed with African snails, 
crushed with the shells on, is considered a very useful remedy. 
CHAP. 60. (15.) REMEDIES FOB, APFECTIONS OE THE BLADDEK, 
AND FOK TJEINARY CALCULI. 
Diseases of the bladder, and the torments attendant upon 
calculi, are treated with the urine of a wild boar, or the 
bladder of that animal taken as food ; both of them being still 
more efficacious if they have been thoroughly soaked first. 
The bladder, when eaten, should be boiled first, and if the 
patient is a female, it should be a sow's bladder. There are 
found in the liver of the wild boar certain small stones,''^ or 
what in hardness resemble small stones, of a white hue, and 
resembling those found in the liver of the common swine : if 
these stones are pounded and taken in wine, they will expel 
calculi, it is said. So oppressed is the wild boar by the bur- 
den of his urine,'''^ that if he has not first voided it, he is 
unable to take to flight, and sufi'ers himself to be taken as 
though he were enchained to the spot. This urine, they say, 
has a consuming effect upon urinary calculi. The kidneys of 
a hare, dried and taken in wine, act as an expellent upon 
calculi. We have already^* mentioned that in the gammon of 
the hog there are certain joint-bones ; a decoction made from 
them is remarkably useful for urinary affections. The kidneys 
of an ass, dried and pounded, and administered in undiluted 
wine, are a cure for diseases of the bladder. The excrescences 
that grow on horses' legs, taken for forty days in ordinary 
wine or honied wine, expel urinary calculi. The ashes, too, of 
«9 In c. 49 of this Book. "'o In c. 57 of this Book. 
''^ *' Sapa." Grape-juice boiled down to two-thirds : see B. xiv. c. 11. 
''^ In reality, these are biliary calculi, found in the gall-bladder of tlie 
anfaial. They are called " bezoar " stones, from a Persian word signifying 
"destructive to poison.*' 
73 See B. viii. c. 77. In c. 49 of this Book. 
