Chap. 3.] WHETHEK MACHC WAS EYEE PEACTISED IN ITALY. 425 
volting, that those even who admire Democritus in other 
respects, are strong in their denial that these works were really 
written by him. Their denial, however, is in vain ; for it 
was he, beyond all doubt, who had the greatest share in fas- 
cinating men's minds with these attractive chimseras. 
There is also a marvellous coincidence, in the fact that the 
two arts — medicine, I mean, and magic — were developed 
simultaneously : medicine by the writings of Hippocrates, and 
magic by the works of Democritus, about the period of the 
Peloponnesian War, which was waged in Greece in the year 
of the City of Eome 300. 
There is another sect, also, of adepts in the magic art, who 
derive their origin from Moses,^® Jannes,^^ and Lotapea,'^ Jews 
by birth, 2^ but many thousand years posterior to Zoroaster : and 
as much more recent, again, is the branch of magic culti- 
vated in Cyprus. In the time, too, of Alexander the Great, 
this profession received no small accession to its credit from 
the influence of a second Osthanes, who had the honour of 
accompanying that prince in his expeditions, and who, evi- 
dently, beyond all doubt, travelled over every part of the 
world. 
CHAP. 3. WHETHER MAGIC WAS EVER PRACTISED IN ITALY. AT 
WHAT PERIOD THE SENATE PIRST PORBADE H;UMAN SACRIPICES. 
It is clear that there are early traces still existing of the 
26 Moses, no doubt, was represented by the Egyptian priesthood as a 
magician, in reference more particularly to the miracles wrought by him 
before Pharaoh. From them the Greeks would receive the notion. 
27 In 2 Tim. iii. 8, we find the words, Now as Jannes and Jambres 
withstood Moses, so do these also resist the truth." Eusebius, in his Frm- 
^aratio Evangelicay B. ix., states that Jannes and Jamhres, or Mambres, 
were the names of Egyptian writers, who practised Magic, and opposed 
Moses before Pharaoh. This contest was probahly represented by the 
Egyptian priesthood as merely a dispute between two antagonistic schools 
of Magic. 
28 Of this person nothing is known. The former editions mostly have 
" Jotapea." " Jotapata" was the name of a town in Syria, the birthplace 
of Josephus. 
He is mistaken here as to the nation to which Jannes belonged. 
30 By some it has been supposed that this bears reference to Christianity, 
as introduced into Cyprus by the Apostle Barnabas Owing to the miracles 
wrought in the infancy of the Church, the religion of the Christians was 
very generally looked upon as a sort of Magic. The point is very doubtful. 
His itinerary, Ajasson remarks, would have been a great curiosity. 
