Chap. 30.] WATERS WHICH HAVE SUDDENLY APPEARED. 493 
the city was rebuilt, the water again made its appearance, just 
as each spot was again brought into cultivation. 
(5.) Earthquakes also are apt to discover or swallow^^ up 
springs of water; a thing that has happened, it is well known, 
on five diiFerent occasions in the vicinity of Pheneus, a town of 
Arcadia. So too, upon Mount Corycus,^^ a river burst forth ; 
after which, the soil was subjected to cultivation. These 
changes are very surprising where there is no apparent cause 
for them ; such as the occurrence at Magnesia,^^ for instance, 
where the warm waters became cold, but without losing their 
brackish flavour ; and at the Temple** of Neptune in Caria, 
where the water of the river, from being fresh, became salt. 
Here, too, is another fact, replete with the marvellous — the 
fountain of Arethusa at Syracuse has a smell of dung, they say, 
during the celebration of the games at Olympia,*^ a thing that 
is rendered not improbable by the circumstance,^^ that the river 
Alpheus makes its way to that island beneath the bed of the 
sea. There is a spring in the Chersonesus of the Ehodians^^* 
which discharges its accumulated impurities every nine years. 
Waters, too, sometimes change their colour ; as at Babylon, 
for example, where the water of a certain lake for eleven days 
in summer is red. In the summer season, too, the current of 
the Borysthenes^^ is blue, it is said, and this, although its 
waters are the most rarefied in existence, and hence float upon 
the surface of those of the Hypanis — though at the same time 
there is this marvellous fact, that when south winds prevail, the 
waters of the Hypanis assume the upper place. Another proof, 
too, of the surpassing lightness of the water of the Borysthenes, 
is the fact that it emits no exhalations, nor, indeed, the slightest 
vapour even. Authors that would have the credit of diligent 
research in these enquiries, assure us that water becomes 
heavier after the winter- solstice. 
45 See B. ii. c. 84. In Cilicia. 
^"^ Whether he means the district of Thessaly so called, or one of the 
two cities of that name in Lydia, does not appear to be known. 
Its locality is unknown, but it was probably near the sea-shore. 
^9 In Elis in Peloponnesus. 
50 His credulity is influenced by the popular story that the river Alpheus 
in Peloponnesus, in its love for the Fountain Nymph Arethusa, penetrated 
beneath the bed of the sea, and reappeared in Sicily. See B. iii. c. 14. 
5*^* See c. 20. 
51 The modern Dnieper. xhe Boug, 
