42 
PLINY's l^^ATUEAL HTSTOEY. 
[Book VI. 
to this last distance five miles ; thence to the Ganges, one 
hundred and twelve miles ; to Ehodapha, five hundred and 
sixty-nine — though, according to some writers, this last dis- 
tance is only three hundred and twenty-five miles ; to the town 
of Calinipaxa,^"^ one hundred and sixty-seven, according to 
some, two hundred and sixty-five ; thence to the confluence 
of the river Jomanes^^ and Ganges, six hundred and twenty- 
five ; most writers, however, add thirteen miles to this last 
distance ; thence to the city of Palibothra,^^ four hundred and 
twenty-five — and thence to the mouth of the Ganges, six hun- 
dred and thirty- seven miles and a half. 
The nations whom it may be not altogether inopportune to 
mention, after passing the Emodian Mountains, a cross range of 
which is called Imaus,'' a word which, in the language of the 
natives, signifies snowy, ^^^^ are the Isari, the Cosyri, the Izi, 
and, upon the chain of mountains, the Chisiotosagi, with nu- 
merous peoples, which have the surname of Brachmanse,'*^ 
among whom are the Maccocalingse. There are also the 
rivers Prinas and Cainas,^^ which last flows into the Ganges, 
both of them navigable streams. The nation of the Calingse^^ 
57 Tt has been suggested that this place is the modern Kanouge, on the 
Ganges. 
3s The modern Jumna. It must be borne in mind by the reader, that 
the numbers given in this Chapter vary considerably in the different MSS. 
3^ See the next Chapter. 
*o The Sanscrit for ''snowy" is himarat.'' The name of Emodus, 
combined with Imaiis, seems here to be a description of the knot of 
mountains formed by the intersections of the Himalaya, the Hindoo Koosh, 
and the Bolor range ; the latter having been for many ages the boundary 
between the empires of China and Turkistan. It is pretty clear, that, 
like Ptolemy, Pliny imagined that the Imaiis ran from south to north ; but 
it seems hardly necessary, in this instance at least, to give to the word 
promontorium" the meaning attached to our word "promontory," and 
to suppose that he implies that the range of the Imaiis runs down to the 
verge of the eastern ocean. 
*i A name evidently given to numerous tribes of India, from the cir- 
cumstance that Alexander and his followers found it borne by the Brahmins 
or priestly caste of the Hindoos. 
*2 Still called the Cane, a navigable river of India within the Ganges, 
falling into the Ganges, according to Arrian as well as Pliny, though in 
reality it falls into the Jumna. 
^3 The Calingse, who are further mentioned in the next Chapter, probably 
dwelt in the vicinity of the promontory of Calingon, upon which was the 
town of Dandaguda, mentioned in c. 23 of the present Book. This pro- 
montory and city are usually identified with those of Calinapatnam, about 
