Chap. 25.] 
ACCOUKT OF COIJNTEIES, ETC. 
57 
relative to the four Satrapies, of which we have postponed 
further mention^^ till the present occasion. 
(23). After passing the nations in the vicinity of the Indus, 
we come to the mountain districts. The territory of Capi-- 
Bene formerly had a city, called Capisa,^^ which was destroyed 
by Cyrus. Arachosia^* has a river and a city of the same 
name; the city was built by Semiramis; by some writers 
it is called Cophen. The river Erymanthus^^ flows past 
Parabeste,^^ which belongs to the Arachosii. Writers make 
the Dexendrusi come next, forming the boundary of the 
Arachotae on the southern side, and of the Paropanisadse on 
the north. The city of Cartana^*^ lies at the foot of Cau- 
casus; in later times it has been called Tetragonis.^® This 
region lies over against that of the Bactri, who come next, 
and whose chief city is Alexandria, so called from the 
name of its founder. "We then come to the Syndraci,'-^" the 
12 Mentioned already, towards the conclusion of c. 23 of the present 
Book. See p. 51. 
13 This place was included in the district of the Paropanisus or Hindoo 
Koosh. It is doubtful whether Pliny is correct in saying that it was de- 
stroyed by Cyrus, as we have no reason for supposing that he ever 
advanced so far to the north-east. It is supposed by some that Capisene 
represents the valley of the Kabul river, and Capisa the town on the 
Indus, now known as Peshawar. Lassen, in his researches, has found in 
the Chinese annals a kingdom called Kiapiche, in the valley of Ghurbend, 
to the east of Bamian. It is not improbable that Capisa and Kiapiche 
were different forms of the same name. 
See the Notes in p. 50. 
1^ The principal river of Drangiana, which rises in the lower range of the 
Paropanisus or Hindoo Koosh, and enters Lake Zarah. Its present name 
is Ilmend or Helmend. Burnouf has supposed it to be the same as the 
Arachotus ; but Professor Wilson is of opinion that the Arachotus was 
one of the tributaries of the Erymanthus or Erymandrus, and probably 
the modern Arkand-Ab. 
1^ Parisot takes the meaning of this word to be "valley," and is of 
opinion that it is the modern Chabul; not to be confounded, however, 
with the country of Cabul, to the east of which it is situate. 
Now called Birusen, according to Parisot, and not the city of Cabul, 
as supposed by Hardouin. 
1^ Or the " four-cornered city." 
This place has not been identified. It has been suggested that it is 
the same as the modern city of Candahar ; but that was really Alexandria 
of the Paropanisadae, quite a different place. 
20 Inhabiting the district now called Arassen, according to Parisot. 
