Chap. 10.3 ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 
19 
of the Usis, falls itself, as many authors have supposed, into 
the Cyrus, by which it is carried into the Caspian Sea. 
The more famous towns in Lesser Armenia are Csesarea/^ 
Aza,''^ and I^icopolis in the Greater Arsamosata,'^ which 
lies near the Euphrates, Carcathiocerta"^^ upon the Tigris, 
Tigranocerta'^^ which stands on an elevated site, and, on a 
plain adjoining the river Araxes, Artaxata."^^ According to 
Aufidius, the circumference of the whole of Armenia is five 
thousand miles, while Claudius Csesar makes the length, from 
Dascusa^^ to the borders of the Caspian Sea, thirteen^^ hundred 
miles, and the breadth, from Tigranocerta to Iberia,^^ half that 
distance. It is a well-known fact, that this country is divided 
into prefectures, called Strategies," some of which singly 
formed a kingdom in former times; they are one hundred 
72 Hardouin thinks that this is Neo-C53esarea, mentioned as haying been 
built on the banks of the Euphrates. 
''^ Now called Ezaz, according to D'Anville. Parisot suggests that it 
ought to be Gaza or Gazaca, probably a colony of Median Gaza, now 
Tauris. 
Originally called Tephrice. It stood on the river Lycus, and not far 
from the sources of the Halys, having been founded by Pompey, where he 
gained his first victory over Mithridates, whence its name, the " City of 
Victory." The modern Enderez or Devrigni, probably marks its site. 
75 Ritter places it in Sophene, the modern Kharpat, and considers that 
it may be represented by the modern Sert, the Tigranocerta of D'Anville. 
"'^ The capital of Sophene, one of the districts of Armenia. St. Martin 
thinks that this was the ancient heathen name of the city of Martyropolis, 
but Eitter shows that such cannot be the case. It was called by the 
Syrians Kortbest ; its present name is Kharput. 
77 Generally supposed, by D'Anville and other modern geographers, to 
be represented by the ruins seen at Sert. It was the later capital of Armenia, 
built by Tigranes. 
"^^ The ancient capital of Armenia. Hannibal, who took refuge at the 
court of Artaxias when Antiochus was no longer able to afford him protec- 
tion, superintended the building of it. Some ruins, called Takt Tiridate, 
or Throne of Tiridates, near the junction of the Aras and the Zengue, 
were formerly supposed to represent Artaxata, but Colonel Monteith has 
fixed the site at a bend in the river lower down, at the bottom of which 
were the ruins of a bridge of Greek or Roman architecture. 
'^^ A fortress in Lesser Armenia, upon the Euphrates, seventy-five miles 
from Zimara, as mentioned in B. v. c. 20. It has been identified with tlie 
modern ferry and lead mines of Kebban Ma' den, the points where the Kara 
Su is joined by the Murad Chai, 270 miles from its source. 
so Justin makes it only 1100, and that estimate appears to be several hun- 
dreds too much. 
81 A country lying to the north of Armenia. 
c 2 
