Chap. 2.] 
ACCOUNT or COUNTRIES, ETC. 
S 
river, which rises in Phrygia and receives the waters of other 
rivers of vast magnitude, among which are the Tembrogius^* 
and the Gallus/^ the last of which is by many called the Sanga- 
rius. After leaving the Sagaris the Gulf of the Mariandyni^* 
begins, and we come to the town of Heraclea,^^ on the river 
Lycus ; this place is distant from the mouth of the Euxine two 
hundred miles. The sea-port of Acone comes next, which has 
a fearful notoriety for its aconite or wolf's-bane, a deadly 
poison, and then the cavern of Acherusia,^^ the rivers Psedo- 
pides, Callichorus, and Sonautes, the town of Tium,^^ distant 
trom Heraclea thirty- eight miles, and the river Billis. 
CHAP. 2. (2.) PAPHLAGONIA. 
Beyond this river begins the nation of Paphlagonia,^^ by 
some writers called Pylaemenia it is closed in behind by the 
country of Galatia. In it are Mastya,^^ a town founded by the 
Now called the Sursak, according to Parisot. 
Now the Lef-ke. See the end of c. 42 of the last Book. 
15 The modern Gulf of Sakaria. Of the Mariandyni, who gave the an- 
cient name to it, little or nothing is known. 
IS Its site is now known as Harakli or Eregli. By Strabo it is erro- 
neously called a colony of Miletus. It was situate a few miles to the north 
of the river Lycus. 
1^ Now called the Kilij. 
18 Stephanus Byzantinus speaks of this place as producing whetstones, or 
aicovai, as well as the plant aconite. 
19 This name was given to the cavern in common with several other 
lakes or caverns in various parts of the world, which, like the various 
rivers of the name of Acheron, were at some time supposed to be con- 
nected with the lower world. 
2^ Now called Falios (or more properly Filiyos), according to D'Anville, 
from the river of that name in its vicinity, supposed by him and other 
geographers to be the same as the ancient Billis, here mentioned by Pliny. 
By others of the ancient writers it is called Billaeus. 
21 Paphlagonia was bounded by Bithynia on the west, and by Pontus on 
the east, being separated from the last by the river Halys ; on the south it 
was divided by the chain of Mount Olympus from Phrygia in the earlier 
times, from Galatia at a later period ; and on the north it bordered on the 
Euxiire. 
22 In the Homeric catalogue we find Pylaemenes leading the Paphlago- 
nians as allies of the Trojans ; from this Pylaemenes the later princes of 
Paphlagonia claimed their descent, and the country was sometimes from 
them called Pylsemenia. 
23 Suspected by Ilardouin to have been the same as the Moson or 
Moston mentioned by Ptolemy as in Galatia. 
B 2 
