Chap. 39.] 
ACCOUNT or COUNTRIES, ETC. 
Ill 
' divide the world are many in number ; by our people they 
are known as circuli " or circles, by the Greeks they are 
called paralleli " or parallels. 
(34.) The first begins at that part of India which looks to- 
wards the south, and extends to Arabia and those who dwell 
upon the borders of the Eed Sea. It embraces the Gedrosi, 
the Carmanii, the Persse, the Elymsei, Parthyene, Aria, Susi- 
ane, Mesopotamia, Seleucia surnamed Babylonia, Arabia as far 
as Petra, Coele Syria, Pelnsium, the lower parts of Egypt called 
the Chora of Alexandria, the maritime parts of Africa, all the 
cities of Cyrenaica, Thapsus, Adrumetum, Clupea, Carthage, 
TJtica, the two Hippo's, JN^umidia, the two Mauritanias, the 
Atlantic Sea, and the Pillars of Hercules. Within the me- 
ridian of this parallel, on the middle day of the equinox, the 
pin of the dial, usually called the gnomon, if seven feet in 
length, throws a shadow at mid-day no more than four feet long : 
the longest day and night are fourteen equinoctial hours 
respectively, the shortest being only ten. 
The next circle or parallel begins with the western parts of 
India, and runs through the middle of Parthia, through Per- 
sepolis, the nearer parts of Persis, the nearer Arabia, Judaea, and 
the people who live near Mount Libanus, and it embraces Baby- 
lon, Idumsea, Samaria, Hierosolyma, Ascalon, Joppa, Csesarea 
in Phoenicia, Ptolemais, Sidon, Tyre, Berytus, Botrys, Tripolis, 
Byblus, Antiochia, Laodicea, Seleucia, the maritime parts of 
Cilicia, the southern parts of Cyprus, Crete, Lilybseum in 
Sicily, and the northern parts of Africa and JSTumidia. In these 
regions, at the time of the equinox, a gnomon of thirty-five 
feet in length gives only a shadow twenty- four feet long ; and 
the longest day and night are respectively fourteen equinoctial 
hours, and one-fifth of an hour, in length. 
The third circle or parallel begins at the part of India 
which lies in the vicinity of Mount Imaiis, and runs through 
the Caspian Gates and the nearer parts of Media, Cataonia, 
Cappadocia, Taurus, Amanus, Issus, the Passes of Cilicia, 
Soli, Tarsus, Cyprus, Pisidia, Side in Pamphylia, Lycaonia, 
Patara in Lycia, Xanthus, Caunus, Ehodes, Cos, Halicar- 
nassus, Cnidos, Doris, Chios, Delos, the middle of the Cyclades, 
Gythium, Malea, Argos, Laconia, Elis, Olympia, Messenia in 
Peloponnesus, Syracuse, Catina, the middle of Sicily, the 
southern parts of Sardinia, Carteia, and Gades. A gnomon, 
