230 
pltnt's natuual history. [Book Til. 
from whom Caria derives its name ; Orpheus extended it to 
other animals. Delphus taught us the art of divining by the 
inspection of entrails ; Amphiaraiis^^ divination by fire ; and 
Tiresias, the Theban, presages from the entrails of birds. We 
owe to Amphictyon^^ the interpretation of portents and of 
dreams, and to Atlas/^ the son of Libya, the art of astrology, or 
else, according to other accounts, to the Egyptians or the As- 
sj-rians. Anaximander/^ the Milesian, invented the astronomi- 
cal sphere ; and ^olus, the son of Hellen, gave us the theory 
of the winds. 
Amphion was the inventor of music Pan, the son of 
Mercury, the music of the reed, and the flute with the single 
pipe; Midas, the Phrygian, the transverse flute and Marsyas, 
chirping, or the feeding of birds, the latter by the inspection of their 
entrails. But it appears that this distinction is not always observed ; see 
Cicero, De Divin. B. i. c. 47. The observation of the auguries was com- 
mitted to a body or college of priests, regarded as of the highest authority 
in the Roman state. The Haruspices," whose office it Tvas to inspect 
the entrails of sacrificed animals, and from their appearance to foretell 
future events, were considered as an inferior order. — B. 
1^ Amphiaraiis was reputed to be the son of Apollo, and was famous for 
his knowledge of futurity ; he was one of the Argonauts, and joined in the 
expedition of the Epigoni against Thebes, in which he perished. Divine 
honours were paid to him after his death, and a temple erected to his 
memory, which was resorted to as an oracle. — B. 
16 Amphictyon established the celebrated council named after him, and 
which consisted of delegates from the principal cities of Greece, who as- 
sembled at stated periods to decide upon all public questions. He is sup- 
posed to have lived about 1500 b.c. — B. 
It is very difficult, perhaps impossible, to separate the actual history 
of Atlas from the mythological and fabulous tales mixed up with it. We 
may, however, conclude that he was a king of Libya, or of some part of 
the north of Africa ; that he was an observer of the heavenly bodies, and 
one of the first who gave any connected account of them. Under the term 
astrology,'* Pliny probably intended to comprehend both the supposed 
science, now designated by that name, and likewise astronomy, or the 
physical laws of the heavenly bodies. — B. 
1^ Pliny has previously stated, B. ii. c. 6, that the sphere was invented 
by Atlas, and that Anaximander discovered the obliquity of the ecliptic, by 
which he is said " to have opened the doors of knowledge." — B. 
1^ The simplest and most common musical instrument used by the 
Greeks, was the " tibia," or pipe. — B. 
•0 According to Hardouin, the Phrygians invented the pipes employed 
by hired mourners at funerals, or, more probably, were the first to adopt 
the use of the pipes at that ceremony.— -B. 
21 Which was played on the side, like the German flute of the present 
day. 
