Chap. 60.] 
WHEN THE riKST CLOCKS WERE MADE. 
237 
Sicily, in the 3'ear of Eome 454/^ having been brought over 
by P. Titinius Mena : before which time the Eomans did not 
cut the hair. The younger Africanus^^ was the first who 
adopted the custom of shaving every day. The late Emperor 
Augustus always made use of razors.^^ 
CHAP. 60. WHEN THE FIEST TIME-PIECES WEEE MADE. 
(60.) The third point of universal agreement was the divi- 
sion of time, a subject which afterwards appealed to the reason- 
ing faculties. We have already stated, in the Second Eook,^^ 
when and by whom this art was first invented in Greece ; 
the same was also introduced at Eome, but at a later period. 
In the Twelve Tables, the rising and setting of the sun are 
the only things that are mentioned relative to time. Some 
years afterwards, the hour of midday was added, the sum- 
moner^^ of the consuls proclaiming it aloud, as soon as, from the 
senate-house, he caught sight of the sun between the Eostra and 
the Gra3costasis -^^ he also proclaimed the last hour, when the 
65 Yarro, De Ee Eus. B. ii., states this fact in almost the same words. 
He remarks, in continuation, that the old statues prove that there were 
formerly no barbers, by the length of their beard and hair. — B. 
66 u Africanus sequens he was the son of Paulus JEmilius, the con- 
queror of Perseus, and the adopted son of Scipio Africanus. In conse- 
quence of his conquest of Carthage, he was named Africanus the Younger. 
His custom of shaving is alluded to by Aulus Gellius, E. iii. c. 4. From 
the remarks of these writers, we may conclude that the Eomans were not 
generally in the habit of shaving until after the age of forty. — B. 
" Cultus." Suetonius gives a different account of the method in which 
Augustus managed his beard. After remarking upon his carelessness as to 
his personal appearance, he says, that Augustus sometimes cropped, ton- 
deret," and sometimes shaved, "raderet,'' his beard. Dion. Cassius men- 
tions the period when Augustus began to shave, the consulship of L. Mar- 
cius Censorinus and C. Calvicius Sabinus, a.u.c. 714 ; he was then in his 
twenty-fourth year. — B. 
In B. ii. c. 78 ; where Pliny says, that the first clock was made at 
Lacedsemon, by Anaximander ; he was the contemporary of Servius Tullius, 
who commenced his reign 577 b.c. — B. 
69 Accensus ;" he was one of the public servants of the magistrates, 
and was so called from his office of summoning the people to the public 
meetings (acciere). — B. 
■-^ See also B. xxxiii. c. 6. This was a place in Eome appropriated to 
the Greek ambassadors ; it is mentioned by Cicero, in a letter to his brother, 
Quintus, B. ii. c. 1. — B. It stood on the right side of the Comitium, being 
allotted to the Greeks from the allied states, for the purpose of hearing the 
debates in the comitia curiata. 
