Chap. 76.] 
GOATS. 
341 
with very thick shaggy hair ; the mark of the most valuable 
among the females is the having two folds hanging down the 
body from under the neck. Some of these animals have no 
horns ; but where there are horns, the age of the animal is 
denoted by the number of knots on them. Those that have 
no horns give the most milk.^^ According to Archelaus,^^ they 
breathe, not through the nose, but the ears,^^ and they are 
never entirely free from fever,^^ from which circumstance it is, 
probably, that they are more animated than sheep, more ardent, 
and have stronger sexual passions. It is said also, that they 
have the power of seeing by night as well as in the day, for 
which reason those persons who are called JSTyctalopes,^^ re- 
cover the power of seeing in the evening, by eating the liver 
of the he-goat. In Cilicia, and in the vicinity of the Syrtes, 
the inhabitants shear the goat for the purpose of clothing 
themselves. It is said that the she- goats in the pastures will 
never look at each other at sun- set, but lie with their backs 
towards one another,®^ while at other times of the day they lie 
facing each other and in family groups. They all have long hair 
hanging down from the chin, which is called by us aruncus.^ 
If any one of the flock is taken hold of and dragged by this 
hair, all the rest gaze on in stupid astonishment ; and the same 
"Lacinise;" Varro, B. ii. c. 3, describes them as "mammulas pen- 
siles Columella, ubi supra^ calls them verruculas he, however, assigns 
this appendage to the male goat. — B. 
^- The word "miitilus" is employed, which Hardouin interprets, hav- 
ing had the horns removed." But the same word is applied by Columella, 
B. vii. c. 6, to an ammal naturally without horns. — B. 
On this reference to Archelaus, Dalechamps remarks that he is incor- 
rect ; but refers to Varro, uhi supra^ who ascribes this opinion to Archelaus ; 
Lemaire, vol. iii. p. 540. — B. 
Aristotle, Hist. Anim. B. i. c. 9, refers to this opinion, as being erro- 
neous ; jElian, Hist. Anim. B. i. c. 53, supposes that they breathe both 
through the nose and the ears. — B. 
Varro, ubi supra, remarks, " that no one in his senses speaks of a goat 
in health ; for they are never without fever." 
Meaning those who cannot see at night, who have a weak sight, and 
therefore require a strong light to distinguish objects. See also, as to the 
Nyctalopes, B. xxviii. c. 47. The same remedy, the liver of the goat, is 
recommended for its cure, — B. See also B. xxviii. c. 11. 
87 Aristotle, Hist. Anim. B. viii. c. 28, says that the inhabitants of Cilicia 
siiear the goats in the same manner as the sheep. — B. 
This is mentioned by Aristotle, Hist. Anim. B. ix. c. 3. — B. 
s9 Aristotle, Hist. Anim. B. ix. c. 3, refers to the beard of the goat, un- 
der the name of ijpvyyov. 
