348 
PLINIl's natueal histokt. 
[Book VIII. 
He says that the species which have tails become quite me- 
lancholy when the moon is on the wane, and that they leap 
for joy at the time of the new moon, and adore it. Other 
quadrupeds also are tenified at the eclipses of the heavenly 
bodies. All the species of apes manifest remarkable affection 
for their offspring. Females, which have been domesticated, 
and have had young ones, carry them about and shew them to 
all comers, shew great delight when they are caressed, and ap- 
pear to understand the kindness thus shewn them. Hence it 
is, that they very often stifle their young with their embraces. 
The dog's-headed ape^^ is of a much fiercer nature, as is the 
case with the satyr. The callitriche^^ has almost a totally 
different aspect ; it has a beard on the face, and a tail, which 
in the first part of it is very bushy. It is said that this ani- 
mal cannot live except in the climate of Ethiopia, which is 
its native place. 
CHAP. 81. (55.) — THE DIFFEEEI^T SPECIES OF HAEES. 
There are also numerous species of hares. Those in the 
Alps are white,^^ and it is believed that, during the winter, 
they live upon snow for food ; at all events, every year, as the 
snow melts, they acquire a reddish colour ; it is, moreover, an 
animal which is capable of existing in the most severe climates. 
There is also a species of hare, in Spain, which is called the 
but the meaning seems to be, that the pieces were made of wax, and that 
the animals had learned to distinguish them from each other, and move 
them in the appropriate manner ; how far this is to be credited, it is not 
easy to decide, but it would certainly require very strong and direct evi- 
dence. We are told that the Emperor Charles V. had a monkey that 
played at chess with him. — B. 
-9 In the original, termed " cynocephali," dog's-headed ; " an appella- 
tion given to them, according to Cuvier, from their muzzle projecting like 
that of a dog; we have an account of this species in Aristotle, Hist. Anim. 
B. ii. c. 13. — B. Probably the baboon. See B- vi. c. 35, and B. vii. 
c. 2, The satyr is, perhaps, the uran-utang. See B. v. c. 8, and B. vii. c. 2. 
30 Qy fine-haired monkey supposed to be the Silenus of Linnseus ; it 
is described by Bufi'on, under the name of Callitrix. — B. It seems to be 
also called the Simia hamadryas." 
21 Hardouin gives references to the authors who have observed this 
change in the colour of the hare, apparently depending upon the peculiar 
locality, and its consequent exposure to a low temperature. Cuvier considers 
it as characteristic of a peculiar species, the Lepus variabilis, " which being 
peculiar to the highest mountains, and the regions of the north, is white in 
winter." — B. 
