356 
pliny's NATTTEAL HISTOEY. [BookYIII. 
the Olympionicse," King Hiero,^^ King Attains®^ Philome- 
tor, Ctesias,^^ Duris,^ Philistus,^ Archytas,^ Phylarclius/ Am- 
philochus ^ of Athens, Anaxapolis ^ the Thasian, Apollodorus ^ 
of Lemnos, Aristophanes ^ the Milesian, Antigonus ^ the Cu- 
maDan, Agathocles of Chios, ApoUonius of Pergamus, Aris- 
an account of the victors at the Olympic games, the work here referred to 
by Pliny. 
9^ Hiero II., the king of Syracuse, and steady friend and ally of the 
Eomans. He died probably a little before the year b.c. 216, having at- 
tained the a^e of ninety-two. Yarro and Columella speak of a Treatise on 
Agriculture written by him. 
Attains III., king of Pergamus, son of Eumenes II. and Stratonice, 
daughter of Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia. In his will he made the 
Eoman people his heirs. Being struck with remorse for the murders and 
other crimes of which he had previously been guilty, he abandoned all 
public business, and devoted himself to the study of physic, sculpture, and 
gardening, on which he wrote a work. He died b.c. 133, of a fever, with 
which he was seized through exposing himself to the sun's rays, while 
engaged in erecting a monument to his mother. 
See end of B. ii. ^ See end of B. vii. 
2 An historian of Syracuse, one of the most celebrated of antiquity, 
though, unfortunately, none of his works have come down to us. He was 
born about b.c. 435, and died b.c. 356. He wrote histories of Egypt, 
Libya, Syria, and Phoenicia. 
^ A Greek of Tarentum, famous as a philosopher, mathematician, states- 
man, and general. The lives of him by Aristoxenus and Aristotle are un- 
fortunately lost. He lived probably about b.c. 400, and he is said to have 
saved the life of Plato by his influence with the tyrant Dionysius. He 
was finally drowned in the Adriatic, He attained great skill as a prac- 
tical mechanician ; and his flying dove of wood was one of the wonders of 
antiquity. The fragments and titles of works ascribed to him are very 
numerous, but the genuineness of some is doubted. 
* See end of B. vii, 
5 A writer on Agriculture, mentioned also by Yarro and Columella. In 
B. xviii. c. 43, Pliny speaks of a work of his on lucerne clover andcytisus. 
6 Or Anaxipolis. He was a writer on Agricultural subjects, and is 
mentioned by Yarro and Columella ; but nothing further is known re- 
specting him. 
^ A writer on Agriculture. He is supposed to have lived before the 
time of Aristotle, and is also mentioned by Yarro. No further particulars 
are known respecting him. 
8 A writer on Agriculture ; Yarro calls him a native of Mallus, in 
Cilicia. 
^ A native of Cumae or Cymae, in Asia Minor, a Greek writer on Agri- 
culture, mentioned also by Yarro and Columella. 
A writer on Agriculture, mentioned also by Yarro and Columella. 
11 A writer on Agriculture, mentioned also by Yarro, Columella, Gulen, 
and the Scholiast on Nicander. 
