Chap. 51.] 
VARIOUS KITTDS OF CEABS. 
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maiae/^ paguri," heracleotici/'^ lions/' and others of leas 
note. The carabus diifers^* from other crabs, in having a tail : 
in Phoenicia they are called hippoi/^ or horses, being of such 
extraordinary swiftness, that it is impossible to overtake 
them. Crabs are long-lived, and have eight feet, all of 
which are bent obliquely. In the female^® the first foot is 
Aristotle, Hist. Anim. B. iv. c. 8, is indisputably the homard of the 
French (the common lobster of the English) ; the Cancer gammarius of 
Linnaeus. Pliny, in another place, B. xxx. c. ii., describes it himself under 
the name of elephantus. 
'^^ Cuvier remarks, that according to Aristotle, B. iv. c, 2, the maiae are 
in the number of the Kapicivoij or crabs that have a short tail concealed 
beneath the body, being those of the largest kind. The same philosopher, 
De Part. Anim. B. iv. c. 8, adds, that these have also short feet and a hard 
shell. Cuvier says, that many writers have applied this name to the crabs 
at the present day belonging to the genus inachus, and more especially the 
Cancer maia of Linnaeus. He is more inclined, however, to think that the 
maia was the common French crab, known as poupart or tourtue, the 
Cancer pagurus of Linnaeus. 
Hardouin says, that these are the same that the Venetians were in the 
habit of calling " cancro poro," the last word being a corruption, as he 
thinks, of pagurus. Aristotle says, loc. cit.y that they were crabs of mid- 
dling size. 
''^ Or Heracleotic crabs. Aristotle says, De Partib. Anim. B. iv. c. 8, 
that these crabs had shorter feet and thinner than those of the maise. 
Cuvier suggests, that these may be the commonest kind of crab, the Cancer 
ma?nas of Linnseus, or a species very similar. 
73 "Leones." This name is not found in Aristotle's account, but it is 
found in Athenaeus, B. iii. c. 106 ; and in JElian, Hist. Anim. B. xiv. c. 9. 
According to Diphilus, as quoted by Athenaeus, it was of larger size than 
the astacus. ^lian describes it as more slender in shape than the cray- 
fish, and partly of a bluish colour, and with very large forcipes, in which 
it resembles, Cuvier says, the homard of the French. It is possible, how- 
ever, he adds, that it may have been only a second name given to the 
astacus already mentioned ; as both Pliny and ^lian, who were not criti- 
cal observers, are very liable to make errors in names. 
Aristotle, Cuvier observes, states the carcini, or crabs, have no tail, 
the fact being that the tail is extremely small, and is concealed, as it were, 
in a furrow in the under part of the body. The cray-fish, on the other 
hand, has a large and broad tail. 
75 'Ittttoi. The more common reading is tTTTrac, "horsemen." Cuvier 
thinks, that in all probability, these are a kind of crab with very long legs, 
vulgarly known as the sea-spider ; the Macropodia and the Leptopodia of 
Linnaeus. 
76 Hardouin remarks, that Aristotle says this only of the carabi, or 
cray-fish, and not of the crabs in general ; and that, on the contrary, in B. 
V. c. 7, he says, that in the crab the male does not differ in conformation 
