Chap. 62.] 
HOW WOOLS AEE DYED. 
445 
than any of them, that known by the name of dialutensis/'^ 
because of the various natures of the soil on which it feeds. 
Purples are taken with a kind of osier kipe^^ of small size, and 
with large meshes ; these are cast into the sea, and in them 
cockles are put as a bait, that close the shell in an instant, 
and snap at an object, just as we see mussels do. Though half 
dead, these animals, as soon as ever they are returned to the 
sea, come to life again, and open their shells with avidity ; 
upon which the purples seek them, and commence the attack, 
by protruding their tongues. The cockles, on the other hand, 
the moment they feel themselves pricked, shut their shells, 
and hold fast the object that has wounded them : in this way, 
victims to their greediness, they are drawn up to the surface 
hanging by the tongue. 
CHAP. 62. (38.) HOW WOOLS AEE DYED WITH THE JUICES OF THE 
PUEPLE. 
The most favourable season for taking these fish is after the 
rising of the Dog-star, or else before spring ; for when they have 
once discharged their waxy secretion, their juices have no 
consistency : this, however, is a fact unknown in the dyers' 
workshops, although it is a point of primary importance. 
After it is taken, the vein is extracted, which we have'^^ pre- 
viously spoken of, to which it is requisite to add salt, a sexta- 
rius^^ about to every hundred pounds of juice. It is sufficient 
to leave them to steep for a period of three days, and no 
From the Greek SiaXvrdg, free," or "roving;" in consequence of 
its peculiar mode of life. 
9^ Nassis. See Note 51 in p. 421. 
9^ " Quum cerificavere." Cuvier remarks that Aristotle, Hist. Anim. 
B. V. c. 14, says, that these shell-fish make " waxen combs," meaning 
thereby collections of cells, similar to those formed by the bee ; and it is 
to this notion that Pliny refers in the use of the word cerificavere." It is 
the fact, Cuvier says, that the univalve sea shell-fish, and more particularly 
the buccini and the murices, envelope their eggs with glutinous vesicles of 
varied forms, according to the respective species ; which, when massed to- 
gether, may be not inappropriately termed " combs." 
^'^ In c. 60. As Cuvier remarks, with considerable justice, this descrip- 
tion by Pliny of the process of dyeing in purple, is very difficult to explain, 
seeing that the art is now entirely lost. Reaumur, he says, made some 
attempts at dyeing with a small buccinum found ofi" the French coasts, the 
Buccinum lapillus of Linnaeus ; but without any result, 
^3 About twenty ounces. 
