Cliap. 46.] 
DIFPEEEKT KINDS OF WINDS. 
^3 
winds with more minuteness than perhaps might otherwise 
appear suitable to my undertaking. 
CHAP. 46. (47.) — THE DIEEEBENT KINDS OE WINDS\ 
The ancients reckoned only four winds (nor indeed does 
Homer mention more^) corresponding to the four parts of 
the world ; a very poor reason, as we now consider it. The 
next generation added eight others, but this was too refined 
and minute a division; the moderns have taken a middle 
course, and, out of this great number, have added four to the 
original set. There are, therefore, two in each of the four 
quarters of the heavens. From the equinoctial rising of the 
sun^ proceeds Subsolanus"^, and, from his brumal rising, Vul- 
turnus^ ; the former is named by the Greeks Apeliotes^, the 
latter Eurus. Prom the south we have Auster, and from the 
brumal setting of the sun, Africus ; these were named Notes 
1 In his account and nomenclature of the winds, PHny has, for the 
most part, followed Aristotle, Meteor, lib. ii. cap. 4. pp. 558-560, and 
cap. 6. pp. 563-565. The description of the different wuids by Seneca 
is not very different, but where it does not coincide with Aristotle's, our 
author has generally preferred the former ; see Nat. Qusest. hb. 5. We 
have an account of the different winds, as prevaihng at particular sea- 
sons, in Ptolemy, De Judiciis Astrol. 1. 9. For the nomenclature and 
directions of the winds, w^e may refer to the remarks of Hardouin, Le- 
maire, i. 328 et seq. 2 Odyss. v. 295, 296. 
3 In givmg names to the different winds, the author designates the 
points of the compass whence they proceed, by the place where the sun 
rises or sets, at the different periods of the year. The following are the 
terms which he employs : — " Oriens sequinoctiaHs," the place where the 
sun rises at the equinox, i. e. the East. " Oriens brmnahs," where he 
rises on the shortest day, the S.E. " Occasus brumahs," where he sets 
on the shortest day, the S.W. " Occasus sequinoctiaHs," where he sets 
at the equinox, the W. *' Occasus solstitialis," where he sets on the 
longest day, the N.W. "Exortus solstitiahs," where he rises on the 
longest day, the N.E. "Inter septemtrionem et occasum solstitial^m," 
between N. and N.W., N.N.W. " Inter aquilonem et exortum seqtii- 
noctialem," between N. and N.E., N.N.E. " Inter ortum brumalem et 
meridiem," between S. and S.E., S.S.E. " Inter meridiem et hybernum 
occidentem," between S. and.S.W., S.S.W. 
^ " Quod sub sole nasci videtur." 
5 This name was probably derived from the town Yultumum in Cam- 
pania. 
^ Seneca informs us, that what the Latins name Subsolanus, is named 
by the Greeks ' AcprjXiLJTTjs ; Qusest, Nat. Hb. 5. § 16. p. 764. 
