Chap. 106.] WONDEES Or FOUNTAINS AND BITEES. 135 
springs, wHcli increase and decrease at the same time with 
the tides of the sea^ In the territory of Pitinum, on the 
other side of the Apennines, the river Novamis, which 
during the solstice is quite a torrent, is drj in the winter^. 
In Ealiscum, all the water which the oxen drink turns 
them white ; in Boeotia, the river Melas turns the sheep 
black ; the Cephissus, which flows out of a lake of the same 
name, turns them white ; again, the Peneus turns them 
black, and the Xanthus, near Ilium, makes them red, whence 
the river derives its name"^. In Pontus, the river Astaces 
waters certain plains, where the mares give black milk, which 
the people use in diet. In Reate there is a spring called 
Neminia, which rises up sometimes in one place and sometimes 
in another, and in this way indicates a change in the produce 
of the earth^. There is a spring in the harbour of Brundisium 
that yields water which never becomes putrid at sea. The 
water of the Lyncestis, which is said to be acidulous, intoxi- 
cates like wine^ ; this is the case also in Paphlagonia^ and in 
the territory of Calenum^. In the island of Andros, at the 
temple of Father Bacchus, we are assured by Mucianus, 
who was thrice consul, that there is a spring, which, on the 
nones of January, always has the flavour of wine ; it is called 
^ Hardouin informs us, that these warm springs are called " i bagni di 
Monte Falcone," or " di S. Antonio." They are situate so very near the 
sea, that we may suppose some communication to exist, which may pro- 
duce the alleged effect. Lemaire. 
2 According to Hardouin this is the modern Torre di Pitino ; he con- 
ceives that the river here mentioned must be the Yomanus. The effect 
here described is, to a certain extent, always the case with rivers which 
proceed from mountains that are covered with snow. Lemau'e, i. 445. 
3 Seneca,' Nat. Qusest. iii. 25, makes the same remark : the fact would 
Beem to be, that in certain districts the cattle are found to be for the most 
part white, and in other places black ; but we have no reason to suppose 
that their colour has any connexion with the water which they employ. 
4 This is asserted by Aristotle, Hist. Anim. iii. 12. We have a similar 
statement made by ^han respecting the Scamander ; viii. 21. 
s " Annonse mutationem significans." 
6 The pecuhar nature of the water of the Lyncestis is referred to by 
many of the ancients : we may suppose that it was strongly impregnated 
with carbonic acid gas. See Ovid, Met. xv. 329-331; also Aristotle, 
Meteor, u. 3, and Seneca, ISTat. Qusest. iii. 20. 
7 Yitruvius and Athenseus. 
3 Calenum was a town in Campania ; this peculiar property of its 
TTater is referred to by Yal. Maximus, i. 8, 18. 
