Chap. 1.] ACCOTOT OE COTJNTEIES, &C. • 153 
also believe tliat they were dug througli by bim ; upon wbicb 
tbe sea, wbicb was before excluded, gained admission, and 
so cbanged tbe face of nature. 
CHAP. 1. (1.)— THE BOTODAEIES ATO GULPS OE EUROPE 
EIRST SET EOETH TN A GENERAL WAY. 
I sball first tben speak of Europe, tbe foster-motber of tbat 
people wbicb bas conquered all otber nations, and itself by 
far tbe most beauteous portion of tbe earth. Indeed, many 
persons bave, not without reason^ considered it, not as a 
third part only of the earth, but as equal to all tbe rest, 
looking upon the whole of our globe as divided into two 
parts only, by a line drawn from the river Tanais to the 
Straits of Grades. Tbe ocean, after pouring tbe waters of the 
Atlantic through tbe inlet which I have here described, and, 
in its eager progress, overwhelming all the lands which have 
bad to dread its approach, skirts with its winding course tbe 
shores of those parts which offer a more effectual resistance, 
hollowing out the coast of Europe especially into numerous 
bays, among which there are four Gulfs that are more parti- 
cularly remarkable. The first of these begins at Calpe, wbicb 
I have previously mentioned, the most distant mountain of 
Spain ; and bends, describing an immense curve, as far as 
Locri and tbe Promontory of Bruttium^. 
CHAP. 2. — OE SPAIN GENERALLY. 
The first land situate upon this Grulf is tbat which is called 
the Earther Spain or Baetica^ ; next to which, beginning at 
the frontier town of Urgi'*, is the Nearer, or Tarraconensian^ 
^ This was the opinion of Herodotus, but it had been so strenuously- 
combated by Polybius and other writers before the time of Phny, that it 
is difficult to imagine how- he should countenance it. 
. 2 jje probably alludes to Leucopetra, now caUed Capo dell' Armi. 
Locri Epizephyrii was a town of Bruttium, situate north of the promon- 
tory of Zephyrium, now called Capo di Bruzzano. 
3 So called from the Bsetis, now the Gruadalquivfr or Great E,iver. 
* The situation of this town is not known, but it is supposed to have 
been about five leagues from the present city of Mujacar, or Moxacar. 
It was situate on the Sinus TJrgitanus. 
^ So called from the city of Tarraco, on the site of the present Tar- 
ragona. 
