154 
plikt's natueal histoet. 
[Book III. 
Spain, extending as far as the chain of the Pjrrenees. The 
[Farther Spain is divided lengthwise into two provinces, 
Lusitania^ and Bsetica, the former stretching along the 
northern side of the latter, and being divided from it by the 
river Ana^. 
The source of this river is in the district of Laminium^, in 
the JSTearer Spain. It first spreads out into a number of 
small lakes, and then again contracts itself into a narrow 
channel, or entirely disappears under ground^, and after 
frequently disappearing and again coming to light, finally dis- 
charges itself into the Atlantic Ocean. Tarraconensian Spain 
lies on one side, contiguous to the Pyrenees, running down- 
wards along the sides of that chain, and, stretching across from 
the Iberian Sea to the Gralhc ocean^, is separated from Esetica 
and Lusitania by Mount Solorius^, the chains of the Oretani^ 
and the Carpetani^, and that of the Astures^. 
CHAP. 3. — or B^TICA. 
Bsetica, so called from the river which divides it in the 
middle, excels all the other provinces in the richness of its 
cultivation and the peculiar fertility and beauty of its vege- 
tation. 
It consists of four jurisdictions, those of Gades^^, of Cor- 
duba^\ of Astigi^^, and of Hispalis^^. The total number of 
its towns is 175 ; of these nine are colonies and eight muni- 
^ Corresponding nearly in extent with the present kingdom of Portugal. 
2 Now G-audiana, a corruption of the Arabic Wadi Ana, " the river Ana." 
^ According to Hardouin this place is the modem town of Montiel, 
but Pinet and D'Anville make it the same as Alhambra. 
According to modern writers it conceals itself in this manner for a 
distance of fifteen miles. 
^ From the Balearic Channel to the Grulf of Grascony or Bay of Biscay. 
^ Probably the Sierra Nevada is meant by this name ; Hardouin con- 
siders it the same as the Sierra de los Yertientes. 
7 Probably the Sierra Morena. ^ The Monte de Toledo. 
9 The Sierra de las Asturias. 
^0 The present Cadiz. It was originally a Phoenician colony. 
" Now Cordova. 12 ]\^ow Ecija. ■^o^^ Seville. 
The Homan colonies or colonies " civium Eomanorum" are those . 
here meant. The colonists in such case enjoyed all the rights of Roman 
citizens, the town in which they lived being founded under the supervi- 
sion of the Roman magistracy. 
