156 
PLINY's ISTATTJEAL HISTORY. 
[Book III. 
to wMcli is Grades, of wliich we stall have occasion to speak 
among tlie islands \ Next comes the Promontory of Juno^, 
and the port of Bsesippo^ ; the towns of Boelo^ and Mellaria^, 
at which latter begin the Straits of the Atlantic ; Carteia^, 
called by the Greeks Tartessos^ ; and the monntain of Calpe. 
Along the coast of the inland sea^ is the town of Barbesula^ 
with its river ; also Salduba^*^ ; the town of SueP^ ; and then 
Malaca^^, with its river, one of the federate towns. Next to this 
comes Msenoba^^, with its river ; then Sexifirmnm^^, surnamed 
1 In the Fourth Book, c. 36. ^ present Cape Trafalgar. 
* Hardonin says that the present Yejer is the place meant, while others 
have suggested Puerto de Santa Maria, or Cantillana. Others again 
identify it with Bejer de la Frontera, though that place probably hes too 
far inland. The Boman ruins near Porto Barbato were probably its site. 
* Hardouin and other commentators suggest that the site of the pre- 
sent Tarifa is here meant ; it is more probable however that D'Anville is 
right in suggesting the now deserted town of Bolonia. 
^ Probably the present Tarifa. 
^ The exact site of Carteia is unknown ; but it is generally supposed 
to have stood upon the bay which opens out of the straits on the west of 
the Bock of Gibraltar, now called the Bay of Algesiras or Gribraltar ; and 
upon the hill at the head of the bay of El Bocadillo, about half- way 
between Algesiras and Gibraltar. 
3^ We learn also from Strabo, that Tartessus was the same place as 
Carteia; it is not improbable that the former was pretty nearly the 
Phoenician name of the place, and the latter a Boman corruption of it, 
and that in it originated the 'Tarshish' of Scripture, an appellation 
apparently given to the whole of the southern part of the Spanish penin- 
sula. Probably the Grreeks preserved the appellation of the place more 
in conformity with the original Phoenician name. 
3 By the "inland sea" Phny means the Mediterranean, in contra- 
distinction to the Atlantic Ocean without the Straits of Cadiz. 
^ The ruins of this place, probably, are still to be seen on the east bank 
of the river Gruadiaro, here alluded to. 
With its river flowing by it. This place is probably the present 
Marbella, situate on the Bio Yerde. 
Probably the present CastiUo de Torremohnos, or else Castillo de 
Fuengirola. 
^2 The present city of Malaga. Hardouin thinks that the river G3-ua- 
dalquivirejo is here meant, but as that is some miles distant from the city, 
it is more probable that the Gruadahnedina, which is much nearer to it, 
is the stream alluded to. 
13 Not improbably Yelez Malaga, upon a river of the same name. 
Hardouin thinks that the place is the modern Torrox on the Fiu Frio, 
and D'Anville the present city of Almunecar, on the Bio Yerde. 
14 Most probably the present Almunecar, but it is micertain. D'An- 
