172 
pliny's katueal histort. 
[Book TIL 
peoples belonging to the Cantabri, Juliobriga^ is the only 
place worthy of mention ; and of the ten states of the An- 
trigones, Tritium and Virovesca^. The river Areva^ gives 
its name to the Arevaci ; of whom there are six towns, Se- 
gontia^ and Uxama^, names which are frequently given to 
other places, as also Segovia^ and Nova Augusta, Termes^, 
and Clunia itself, the frontier of Celtiberia. The remaining 
portion turns off towards the ocean, being occupied by the 
Varduli, already mentioned, and the Cantabri. 
Next upon these touch the twenty-two nations of the 
Astures, who are divided into the Augustani^ and the Trans- 
montani, with the magnificent city of Asturica. Among 
these we have the Cigurri^, the Psesici, the Lancienses^*^, and 
the Zoelse". The total number of the free population amounts 
to 240,000 persons. 
The jurisdiction of Lucus^^ embraces, besides the Celtici 
and the Lebuni, sixteen different nations, but little known 
^ This was the chief city of the Cantabri. It has been aheady men- 
tioned, but we may add that it stood near the sources of the Ebro, on 
the eminence of E-etortillo, south of Reynosa. Tive stones still mark 
the boundaries which divided the territory from that of the Fourth Legio. 
2 Supposed to be the present Briviesca ; the site of Tritium does not 
appear to be known, but it has been suggested that it was near Najara, 
in the vicinity of Logrono. 
3 It does not appear to be certain whether the Areva was the present 
TJcero, or the Arlanzon, which flows near YaUadohd. 
^ The modern Siguenza. 
5 Now El Burgo d'Osma, in the province of Soria. 
^ This must not be mistaken for the modern Segovia, between Madrid 
and YaUadohd : it was a small town in the vicinity of Numantia. 
' Probably the present Lerma, on the river Arlanza. 
s The people of Asturica Augusta, now Astorga, in the province of 
Leon. The ruins of this fine city are said still to give a perfect idea of a 
fortified Roman tovm. 
^ Their chief city stood on the site of the present Cigarrosa, or San 
Estevan de Yal de Orres. Its ruins are still to be seen, and a Roman 
bridge, the people preserving a tradition that an old tovm once stood 
there called Gruigurra. 
^0 The people of Lance or Lancia, probably the present Lollanco or 
Mansilla; though Oviedo has been suggested. This however may be 
the Ovetum mentioned by Pliny in B. xxxiv. c. 17. 
^1 Mentioned by Pliny in B. xix. c. 2, as famous for their flax. Their 
locahty near the coast does not appear to be exactly known. The Paesici 
previously mentioned were situate on the peninsula of Cabo de Penas, 
^ Now the city of Lugo in GaUicia. 
