.Cliap. 9.] 
ACCOUIfT or COUNTRIES, ETC. 
191 
Crustumerium^ and Caletra^ retain the names of tlie ancient 
i;owns. 
CHAP. 9. THE EIRST REGIOK OE ITALT^ ; THE TIEER ; ROME. 
^ The Tiber or Tiberis, formerly cafled Thybris, and pre- 
viously Albula'*, flows down from nearly the central part of 
the chain of the Apennines, in the territory of the Arretini. 
It is at first small, and only navigable by means of sluices, 
in which the water is dammed up and then discharged, in the 
same manner as the Timia'^ and the Glanis, which flow into 
it ; for which purpose it is found necessary to collect the water 
for nine days, unless there should happen to be a fall of rain. 
And even then, the Tiber, by reason of its rugged and uneven 
channel, is really more suitable for navigation by rafts than 
by vessels, for any great distance. It winds along for a 
course of 150 miles, passing not far from Tifernum^, Perusia, 
and Ocriculum'', and dividing Etruria from the Umbri'^ and 
the Sabini^, and then, at a distance of less than sixteen 
feiisible site. The new city was the birth-place of Sejanus, the worthless 
favourite of Tiberius. Of the ancient city there are scarcely any remains. 
^ Called also Crustumeria, Crustumium, and Crustuminium. It was 
a city of Latium on the borders of the Sabine country, and was subdued 
by Homulus, though it afterwards appears as independent in the time of 
Tarquinius Priscus. The territory was noted for its fertility. The exact 
site of the city is unknown ; a place called Marcighana Vecchia, about 
nine miles from E-ome, seems the most probable. 
2 The site of Caletra is quite unknown. It was situate at some point 
in the present valley of the Albegna. 
The First Hegion extended from the Tiber to the Grulf of Salernum, 
being bounded in the interior by the Apennines. It consisted of ancient 
Latium and Campania, comprising the modern Campagna di E-oma, and 
the provinces of the kingdom of Naples. 
^ Livy, B. i. c. 3, and Ovid, Fasti, B. iii. 1. 389, inform us that the 
name of Albula was changed into Tiberis in consequence of king Tiberinus 
being accidentally droT^med in it. 
^ Still known by that name. The Grlanis is called la Chiana. 
6 According to D Anville, now known as Citta di Castello, 
7 A municipal town of Umbria, situate near the confluence of the 
rivers Nar and Tiber, and on the Flaminian Way. There are the ruins 
of an aqueduct, an amphitheatre, and some temples, now the modern 
Otricoli. 
^ The territory of Umbria extended from the left bank of the Tiber, 
•near its rise, to the Adriatic. 
^ The Sabines occupied the left bank of the Tiber from the Umbri 
