Cliap. 9.3 ACCOUNT OE cotj:n'teies, etc. 203 
who state the very greatest number, having three ^ gates and 
no more. When the Yespasians were emperors'^ and censors, 
in the year from its building 826, the circumference of the 
walls which surrounded it was thirteen miles and two-fifths. 
Surrounding as it does the Seven Hills, the city is divided 
into fourteen districts, with 265 cross-roads^ under the 
guardianship of the Lares. If a straight line is drawn 
Irom the mile-column^ placed at the entrance of the 
Porum, to each of the gates, which are at present thirty- 
seven in number (taking care to count only once the 
twelve double gates, and to omit the seven old ones, which 
no longer exist), the result will be [taking them altogether], 
a straight line of twenty miles and 7 65 paces^. But if we 
draw a straight line from the same mile-column to the very 
last of the houses, including therein the Prsetorian encamp- 
ment, and follow throughout the line of all the streets, the 
result will then be something more than seventy miles. Add 
to these calculations the height of tte houses, and then a 
person may form a fair idea of this city, and will certainly 
be obliged to admit that there is not a place throughout the 
whole world that for size can be compared to it. On the 
Borne. Julivis Modestus says that she reheved men and cattle when 
visited by the disease called " angina," or " quinsy," whence her name. 
^ The Carmental, the Roman, and the Pandanian or Satm^nian gates, 
according to Yarro. 
2 Titus was saluted Imperator after the siege of Jerusalem, and was 
associated with his father Yespasian in the government. They also acted 
together as Censors. 
2 The Lares Compitales presided over the divisions of the city, which 
were marked by the compita or points where two or more streets crossed 
each other, and where ' sediculse ' or small chapels were erected in their 
honour. Statues of these httle divinities were erected at the corner of 
every street. It was probably this custom which first suggested the idea 
of setting up images of the Yirgin and Saints at the corners of the streets, 
which are still to be seen in many Roman Cathohc countries at the pre- 
sent day. 
This was a gilded column erected by Augustus in the Forum, and 
called " milharium aureum ; " on it were inscribed the distances of the 
principal points to which the "vise" or high-roads conducted. 
^ Supposing the circuit of the city to have been as he.says, 13§ miles, he 
must either make a great miscalculation here, or the text must be very cor- 
rupt. The average diameter of the city would be in such case about4^ miles, 
the average length of each radius drawn from the mile-column 2^ nules, 
and the total amount 83^ miles, whereas he makes it but 20} miles, 
