Chap. 16.] ACCOUKT OF COUOTEIES, ETC. 
225 
CHAP. 16. THE SECOND BEaiOIf OE ITALY. 
Adjoining to this district is the second region of Italy, which 
embraces the Hirpini, Calabria, Apulia, and the Salentini, ex- 
tending a distance of 250 miles along the Grulf of Tarentum, 
which receives its name from a town of the Laconians so 
called, situate at the bottom of the Gulf; to which was annexed 
the maritime colony which had previously settled there. 
Tarentum ^ is distant from the promontory of Lacinium 136 
miles, and throws out the territory of Calabria opposite to it 
in the form of a peninsula. The Q-reeks called this territory 
Messapia, from their leader^ ; before which it was called Peu- 
cetia, from Peucetius^, the brother of (Enotrius, and was 
comprised in the territory of Salentinum. Between the 
two promontories'^ there is a distance of 100 miles. The 
breadth across the peninsula from Tarentum^ to Brundusium 
by land is 35 miles, considerably less if measured from the 
port of Sasina^. The towns inland from Tarentum are Varia'' 
surnamed Apulia, Messapia, and Aletium^; on the coast, 
Senum, and Callipolis^, now known as Anxa, 75 miles from 
year B.C. 326) was obliged to engage under unfavourable circumstances 
near Pandosia, on the Acheron, and fell as he was crossing the riv6r; 
thus accomphshing a prophecy of Dodona which had warned him to 
beware of Pandosia and the Acheron. He was uncle to Alexander the 
Grreat, being the brother of Olympias. The site of Pandosia is supposed 
to have been the modern Castro Franco. 
^ This word is understood in the text, and Ansart would have it to 
mean that the " Grulf of Tarentum is distant," &c., but, as he says, such 
an assertion would be very indefinite, it not being stated what part of 
the Grulf is meant. He therefore suggests that the most distant point 
from Lacinium is meant j which however, according to him, would make 
but 117 miles straight across, and 160 by land. The city of Tarentum 
would be the most distant point. 
2 Messapus, a Boeotian, mentioned by Strabo, B. ix. 
3 A son of Lycaon. 
* Of Lacinium and Acra lapygia. About seventy miles seems to be 
the real distance ; certainly not, as PHny says, 100. 
* The modern Taranto to Brindisi. 
^ Probably situate at the further extremity of the bay on which Ta- 
rentum stood. 
7 According to D'Anville and Mannert, the modern Oria. Messapia 
is the modern Mesagna. 
^ The modern Santa Maria dell' AHzza, according to D'Anville. 
3 The modern GaUipoH, in the Terra di Otranto. The real distance 
from Tarentum is between fifty and sixty miles. 
VOL. I. Q 
