Chap. 17.] ACCOTOT OF COTJOTEIES, ETC. 
301 
the level plain of tlie adjacent country into tlie sea, a distance 
of seventy-five^ miles ; its circumference at its base being 150 
miles in extent. There was formerly upon its summit the 
town of Acroathon^ : the present towns are Uranopolis^, 
Palseorium, Thyssus, Cleonse'*, and Apollonia, the inhabitants 
of which have the surname of Macrobii^. The town also of 
Cassera, and then the other side of the Isthmus, after which 
come Acanthus^, Stagira'', Sithone^, Heraclea^, and the coun- 
try of Mygdonia that lies below, in which are situate, at some 
distance from the sea, Apollonia and Arethusa. Again, upon 
the coast we have Posidium^^ and the bay with the town of 
Cermorus, Amphipolis^^, a free town, and the nation of the 
^ This is a mistake. It is only forty miles iii length. From Lieut. 
Smith {Journal of Royal Geogr. Soc. vol. vii. p. 65) we learn that its 
average breadth is about four miles ; consequently PUny's statement as to 
its cu'cumference must be greatly exaggerated. Juvenal, Sat. x. 1. 174, 
mentions the story of the canal as a specimen of Greek falsehood ; but 
distinct traces have survived, to be seen by modern travellers, all the way 
from the Gulf of Monte Santo to the Bay of Erso in the Gulf of Con- 
tessa, except about 200 yards in the middle, which has been probably 
filled up. 
2 Or Acrothbum. Phny, with Strabo and Mela, errs in thinking that 
it stood on the mountain. It stood on the peninsula only, probably on 
the site of the modern Lavra. 
3 Or the ' Heaven City,' from its elevated position. It was founded 
by Alexarchus, brother of Cassander, king of Macedon. * 
Probably on the west side of the peninsula, south of Thyssus. 
^ Or " long-lived." 
^ Now Erisso ; on the east side of the Isthmus, about a mile and a half 
from the canal of Xerxes. There are ruins here of a large mole. 
7 A Httle to the north of the Isthmus now called Stavro. It was the 
birth-place of Aristotle the philosopher, commonly called the Stagi- 
rite, and was, in consequence, restored by Philip, by whom it had been 
destroyed ; or, as Pliny says in B. vii. c. 30, by Alexander the Great. 
^ The name of the central one of the three peninsulas projecting from 
Chalcidice. The poets use the word Sithonius frequently as signifying 
' Thracian.' 
^ Possibly not the same as the Heraclea Sintica previously mentioned. 
Now called PoUina, south of Lake Bolbe, on the road from Thes- 
galonica to Amphipohs. 
" Sacred to Poseidon or Neptune. Now Capo Stavros in Thessaly, 
the west front of the Gulf of Pagasa, if indeed this is the place here 
meant. 
^2 On the left or eastern bank of the river Strymon, which flowed round 
it, whence its name Amphi-pohs, " round the city." Its site is now oc- 
cupied by a village called Neokhorio, in Turkish Jeni-Keni or "New- 
