I 
304 PLIXY's ITATrHAL HISTOBT. [Book lY^ 
Thus is Tlirace bounded by tbe Ister on tbe nortli, by the 
Euxine, and the Propontis^ on the east, and by the ^gean 
Sea on the south ; on the coast of which, after leaving the 
Strymon, we come in turn to ApoUonia^, CEsyma^, Neapolis'* 
and Dates. In the interior is the colony of Philippi*, 
distant from Dyrrhachium 325 miles ; also Scotussa^, the 
city of Topiris, the mouth of the river Mestus'', Mount 
Pangseus, Heraclea^, Olynthos^, Abdera^^, a free city, the 
people of the Bistones^^ and their Lake. Here was formerly 
the city of Tirida, which struck such terror with its stables 
of the horses^^ of Diomedes. At the present day we find 
here Dicsea^^, Ismaron^^, the place where Parthenion stood, 
Phalesina, and Maronea^% formerly called Orthagorea. AVe 
tioned dwelt about the mouth of the Ister, or Danube, and were a 
different people from those of Sithonia, in Chalcidice, referred to in a 
previous note. ^ The Sea of Marmora. 
^ It is difficult to conceive which place of this name is here alluded to, 
as there seem to have been four places on this coast so called, and all 
mentioned by Phny in the present Book. 
3 Called ^syma by Homer ; between the rivers Strymon and Nestus. 
Now caUed Kavallo, on the Strymonic Gulf. The site of Datos 
appears to be unknown. 
^ Now called Fihba, or Fehbejik, on a height of Mount Pangseus, on 
the river Glangites, between the Nestus and the Strymon. It was founded 
by Phihp, on the site of the ancient town of Crenides, in the vicinity of 
the gold mines. Here Augustus and Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius, 
B.C. 42 ; and here the Apostle Paul first preached the Grospel in Europe, 
A.D. 53. See Acts xvi. 12. 
6 Its site seems unknown, but it is evidently a different place from 
that mentioned in the last Chapter. 
7 Also called Mestus. ^ Sintiea, previously mentioned. 
^ Now Aco Mamas, at the head of the Toronaic Grulf. It was the 
most important Grreek city on the coast of Macedon. It was taken and 
destroyed by Phihp, B.C. 347, and its inhabitants sold as slaves. Mecy- 
berna, already mentioned, was used as its sea-port. 
On the coast, and east of the river Nestus. Its people were pro- 
verbial for their stupidity, though it produced the philosophers Demo- 
critus, Protagoras, and Anaxarchus. No traces of its site are to be 
found. 
Now called the Lagos Buru. The name of the Bistones is some- 
times used by the poets for that of the Thracians in general. 
^" Or mares rather. Diomedes was the son of Ares, or Mars, and king ■ 
of the Bistones. He was slain by Hercules. 
13 By some identified with the modern Curnu, by others with Bauron. 
Or Ismarus, at the foot of Mount Ismarus. Now Marogna. 
