Chap. 27.] ACCOTOT OF COUNTEIES, ETC. 
341 
number of islands^ are said to exist that have no name ; among 
which there is one which lies opposite to Scythia, mentioned 
under the name of Eaunonia^, and said to be at a distance 
of the day's sail from the mainland ; and upon which, accord- 
ing to Timseus, amber is thrown up by the waves in the spring 
season. As to the remaining parts of these shores, they are 
only known from reports of doubtful authority. With refer- 
ence to the SeptentrionaP or Northern Ocean ; Hecatseus 
calls it, after we have passed the mouth of the river Parapa- 
nisus, where it washes the Scythian shores, the Amalchian 
jectures, from confounding it with the Southern Tanais which falls into 
the Sea of Azof, is evidently the same as the Dwina or Western Duna. 
This is estabhshed incontrovertibly both by its geographical position (the 
mouth of the Dwina being only fifty leagues to the east of Domess-Ness) 
and the identity evidently of the names Dwina and Tanais. Long since, 
Leibnitz was the first to remark the presence of the radical T. or D. n, 
either with or without a vowel, in the names of the great rivers of Eastern 
Europe ; Danapris or Dnieper, Danaster or Dniester, Danube (in G-er- 
man Donau, in Hungarian Duna), Tanais or Don, for example; all 
which rivers however discharge themselves into the Black Sea. There 
can be httle doubt then of the identity of the Duna with the Tanais, it 
being the only body of water in these vast countries which bears a name 
resembling the initial Tan^ or Tn, and at the same time belongs to the 
basin of the Baltic. "We are aware, it is true, that the White Sea re- 
ceives a river Dwina, which is commonly called the Northern Dwina, 
but there can be no real necessity to be at the trouble of combating the 
opinion that this river is identical with the Northern Tanais. As the 
result then of our investigations, it is at the eastern extremity of the 
Erisch-Haff and near the mouth of the Pregel, that we would place the 
point at which PHny sets out. As for the E-iphsean mountains, they have 
never existed anywhere but in the head of the geographers from whom 
our author drew his materials. From the mountains of Ural and Poias, 
which Pliny could not possibly have in view, seeing that they he in a 
meridian as eastern as the Caspian Sea, the traveller has to proceed 600 
leagues to the south-west without meeting with any chains of mountains 
or indeed considerable elevations." 
^ It is pretty clear that he refers to the numerous islands scattered over 
the face of the Baltic Sea, such as Dago, Oesel, Grothland, and Aland. 
2 I'lie old reading here was Bannomanna, which Dupinet would trans- 
late by the modern Bornholm. Parisot considers that the modern Runa, 
a calcareous rock covered with vegetable earth, in the vicinity of Domess- 
Ness, is the place indicated. 
3 It has been suggested by Brotier that Phny here refers to the Icy 
Sea, but it is more probable that he refers to the north-eastern part of 
the Baltic, which was looked upon by the ancients as forming part of 
the open sea. 
