Chap. 37.] 
ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 
369 
olives ; the Eomans call it Tartessos^ ; the Carthaginians 
Gadir^, that word in the Punic language signifying a hedge. 
It was called Erythia because the Tyrians, the original an- 
cestors of the Carthaginians, were said to have come from 
the Erythraean, or Eed Sea. In this island Greryon is by 
some thought to have dwelt, whose herds were carried off 
by Hercules. Other persons again think, that his island 
is another one, opposite to Lusitania, and that it was there 
formerly called by that name^. 
CHAP. 37. (23.) — THE GENERAL MEASUREMENT OE EUROPE. 
Having thus made the circuit of Europe, we must now 
give the complete measurement of it, in order that those 
who wish to be acquainted with this subject may not feel 
themselves at a loss. Artemidorus and Isidorus have given 
its length, from the Tanais to Grades, as 8214 miles. Poly- 
bius in his writings has stated the breadth of Europe, in a 
Ime from Italy to the ocean, to be 1150 miles. But, even 
in his day, its magnitude was but little known. The distance 
of Italy, as we have previously'^ stated, as far as the Alps, is 
1120 miles, from which, through Lugdunum to the British 
port of the Morini^, the direction which Polybius seems to 
^ If G-ades was not the same as Tartessus (probably the Tarshish 
of Scripture), its exact locality is a question in dispute. Most ancient 
writers place it at the mouth of the river Bsetis, wliile others identify 
it, and perhaps with more probabiJity, with the city of Carteia, on 
Mount Calpe, the Rock of GribraJtar. The whole country west of 
Gribraltar was called Tartessis. See B. iii. c. 3. 
2 Or more properly ' Agadir,' or * Hagadir.' It probably received 
this name, meaning a ' hedge,' or * bulwark,' from the fact of its being 
the chief Phoenician colony outside of the Pillars of Hercules. 
3 Of Erythrsea, or Erytheia. The monster Greryon, or Greryones, fabled 
to have had three bodies, Hved in the fabulous Island of Erytheia, or the 
" Red Isle," so called because it lay under the rays of the setting sun in 
the west. It was originally said to be situate oiF the coast of Epirus, 
but was afterwards identified either with Grades or the Balearic islands, 
and was at all times beheved to be in the distant west. Greryon was 
said to have been the son of Chrysaor, the wealthy king of Iberia. 
^ AUuding to B. iii. c. 6. From Rhegium to the Alps. But there the 
reading is 1020. 
^ Meaning Gressoriacum, the present Boulogne. He probably calls it 
JBritannicum, from the circumstance that the Romans usually embarked 
there for the purpose of crossing over to Britain. 
VOL. I. 2 B 
