374 
BOOK y. 
AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTEIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, 
HAYENS, MOUNTAINS, RIYEES, DISTANCES, AND PEO- 
PLES WHO NOW EXIST OR EORMERLY EXISTED. 
CHAP. 1. — THE TWO MArEITANIAS. 
The Greeks have given tlie name of Libya ^ to Africa, and 
have called the sea that lies in front of it the Libyan Sea. 
It has Egypt for its boundary, and no part of the earth is 
there that has fevs^er gulfs or inlets, its shores extending in a 
lengthened line from the west in an oblique direction. The 
names of its peoples, and its cities in especial, cannot pos- 
sibly be pronounced with correctness, except by the aid of 
their o^vn native tongues. Its population, too, for the most 
part dwells only in fortresses^. 
(1.) On our entrance into Africa, we find the two Mauri- 
tanias, which, until the time of Caius Caesar^, the son 
of Grermanicus, were kingdoms ; but, suffering under his 
cruelty, they were divided into two provinces. The extreme 
promontory of Africa, which projects into the ocean, is called 
Ampelusia^ by the Greeks. There were formerly two towns, 
Lissa and Cotte^, beyond the Pillars of Hercules ; but, at 
the present day, we only find that of Tingi*^, which was for- 
1 Not reckoning under that appellation the country of Egypt, which 
was more generally looked upon as forming part of Asia. Josephus in- 
forms us that Africa received its name from Ophir, great-grandson of 
Abraham and his second wife, Keturah. 
2 ' Castella,' fortified places, erected for the purpose of defence ; not 
towns formed for the reception of social communities. 
3 The Emperor Cahgula, who, in the year 41 a.d., reduced the two 
Mauritanias to Roman provinces, and had King Ptolemy, the son of 
Juba, put to death. 
'* Now Cape Spartel. By Scylax it is called Hermseum, and by 
Ptolemy and Strabo Cote, or Coteis. Pliny means " extreme," with re- 
ference to the sea-line of the Mediterranean, in a direction due west. 
* Mentioned again by Pliny in B. xxxii. c. 6. Lissa was so called, 
according to Bochart, from the Hebrew or Phoenician word Zm, 'a 
Hon.' At the present day there is in this vicinity a headland called the 
' Cape of the Lion.' Bochart thinks that the name ' Cotta,' or * Cotte,' 
was derived from the Hebrew quoihef^ a ' vine-dresser.' 
^ The modern Tangier occupies its site. It was said to have derived 
