Chap. 1.] 
ACCOUNT OE COTJKTEIES, ETC. 
875 
merly founded by AntaBus, and afterwards received tlie name 
of Tradiicta Julia \ from Claudius Csesar, when lie esta- 
blished a colony there. It is thirty miles distant from 
Belon"^, a town of Baetica, where the passage across is the 
shortest. At a distance of twenty-five miles from Tingi, 
upon the shores of the ocean^, we come to Julia Con- 
stantia Zilis"^, a colony of Augustus. This place is exempt 
from all subjection to the kings of Mauritania^ and is in- 
cluded in the legal jurisdiction of Bsetica. Thirty-two 
miles distant from Julia Constantia is Lixos^, which was 
made a Boman colony by Claudius Caesar, and which has 
been the subject of such wondrous fables, related by the 
Arriters of antiquity. At this place, according to the 
story, was the palace of Antaeus ; this was the scene of his 
combat with Hercules, and here were the gardens of the 
ITesperides^. An arm of the sea flows into the land here, 
its name from Tinge, the wife of Antseus, the giant, who was slain by 
Hercules. His tomb, which formed a hill, in the shape of a man 
stretched out at full length, was shown near the town of Tingis to a 
late period. It was also believed, that whenever a portion of the earth 
covering the body was taken away, it rained until the hole was filled up 
again. Sertorius is said to have dug away a portion of the lull ; but, on 
discovering a skeleton sixty cubits in length, he was struck with horror, 
and had it immediately covered again. Procopius says, that the fortress 
of this place was built by the Canaanites, who were driven by the Jews 
out of Palestine. 
^ It has been supposed by Salmasius and others of the learned, that 
PHny by mistake here attributes to Claudius the formation of a colony 
which was really estabhshed by either Julius Csesar or Augustus. It is 
more probable, however, that Claudius, at a later period, ordered it to 
be called "Traducta Julia," or "the removed Colony of Julia," in re- 
membrance of a colony having proceeded thence to Spain in the time of 
JuHus Ca?sar. Claudius himself, as stated in the text, estabhshed a 
colony here. 
2 Its ruins are to be seen at Belonia, or Bolonia, three Spanish miles 
west of the modern Tarifa. 
3 At this point Pliny begins his description of the western side of 
Africa. 
^ Now ArziUa, in the territory of Fez. Ptolemy places it at the mouth 
of the river Zileia. It is also mentioned by Strabo and Antoninus. 
s Now El Araiche, or Larache, on the river Lucos, 
^ Mentioned again in B. ix. c. 4 and c. 5 of the present Book, where 
PHny speaks of them as situate elsewhere. The story of Antaeus is 
further enlarged upon by Sohnus, B. xxiv. ; Lucan, B. iv. 1. 589, et seq. ; 
and Martianus Capella, B. vi. 
