426 
pliny's natural history 
[Book Y. 
terior ; and Joppe\ a city of the Phoenicians, which existed, , 
it is said, before the deluge of the earth. It is situate on 
the slope of a hill, and in front of it lies a rock, upon which 
they point out the vestiges of the chains by which Andro- 
meda was bound^. Here the fabulous goddess Ceto^ is 
worshipped. Next to this place comes Apollonia^, and 
then the Tower of Strato^, otherwise Csesarea, built by 
2 Chron. xxvi. 6 (where it is called Jabneh in the English version), as one 
of the cities of the Philistines taken and destroyed by King Uzziah. The 
place of this name that lay in the interior, is probably the one spoken of 
by J osephus as in that part of the tribe of Judah occupied by the children 
of Dan, as also in the 1 Maccabees, x. 69-71. The one was probably the 
port of the other. The ruins of the port still retain the name of Yebora, 
and are situate on an eminence about an home's distance from the sea, on 
the banks of the river Rubin. 
^ Or Joppa of Scripture, now called Yafa or Jaffa. The timber from 
Lebanon intended for both the first and second Temples was landed here. 
It was taken and retaken more than once during the wars of the Macca- 
bees, and was finally annexed by Pompey to the Koman province of Syria. 
It is mentioned several tunes in the New Testament in connection with 
Saint Peter. In the Jewish war, having become a refuge for pirates, it 
was taken by Cestius and destroyed, and even the very ruins were de- 
moHshed by Yespasian. It was afterwards rebuilt, and in the time of the 
Crusades was alternately in the hands of the Christians and the Moslems. 
2 To be devoured by the sea monster, from which she was dehvered 
by Perseus, who had borrowed for the occasion the talaria or winged 
shoes of Mercury. In B. ix. c. 4, Pliny states that the skeleton of the 
monster was exhibited at Rome by M. iEmihus Scaurvis, when he was 
Curule ^dile. 
3 Probably the same as Derceto or Atargatis, the fish-goddess with a 
woman's head, of the Syrians. 
^ Situate between Csesarea and Joppa. It is probable that it owed its 
name to the Macedonian kings of either Egypt or Syria. Arsuf, a de- 
serted village, but which itself was of considerable importance in the time 
of the Crusades, represents the ancient Apollonia. 
5 The site of the Turris Stratonis was afterwards occupied by Csesarea, 
a city on the coast, founded by Herod the Grreat, and named Csesarea in 
honoiu' of Augustus Csesar. It was renowned for the extent and magni- 
ficence of its harbour, which was secured by a breakwater of stupendous 
construction. For some time it was considered the principal city of 
Palestine and the chief seat of the Roman government. Although it 
again changed its name, as Pliny states, it still retained its name of 
Csesarea as the Metropohtan See of the First Palestine. It was also of 
considerable importance during the occupation of the Holy Land by the 
Crusaders. Its ruins are still visible, but have served as a quarry for 
many generations, and J affa, Sidon, Acre and Beyrout have been sup- 
