436 
plint's natural histoet, 
[Book V. 
Botrys\ Gigarta^, Trieris^, Calamos^, Tripolis^, inliabited 
by the Tyrians, Sidonians, and Aradians ; Orthosia®, tlie 
river Eleutlieros^, the towns of Simyra and Marathos^ ; and 
opposite, Arados^, a town seven stadia long, on an island, 
distant 200 paces from the mainland. After passing 
through the country in which the before-named mountains 
end and the plains that lie between, Mount Bargylus^^ 
is seen to rise. 
CHAP. 18. — STEIA ANTIOCHIA. 
Here Phoenicia ends, and Syria recommences. The towns 
situate at the foot of Lebanon. The ancient name seems to have been 
Grebal, and the GebUtes are mentioned in Joshua, xiii. 5 ; 1 Kings, v. 18 5 
and Ezek. xxvii. 9. The ruins of the ancient city are very extensive. 
Astarte and Isis seem to have been worshipped here. 
^ Now Batrun, a small town about twelve miles north of Byblus, said 
to have been founded by Ithobal, king of Tyre. 
2 Now Grazir, according to D'Anville. 
3 Twelve miles from Tripolis. Its name would seem to bear refereuce 
to a trireme, or galley. It has been said that this is the place referred to 
in the Book of Daniel, xi. 30. 
^ Polybius speaks of this place as being burnt by Antiochus. Its site 
still bears the name of Calamon, according to D Anville. 
^ This properly consisted of three distinct cities, 600 feet apart, each 
with its own walls, but all connected in a common constitution ; having 
one place of assembly, and forming in reality one city only. They were 
colonies, as here suggested by Pliny, of Tyre, Sidon, and Arados respec- 
tively. It is still a considerable place, called Tarabolos, or TarabUs, by 
the Turks. 
^ Its site is stiU known as Ortosa, or Tortosa. 
7 Probably the same as the Nahr-el-Kebir, or " Grreat lR,iver," to the 
north of Tripolis. It may have derived its Grreek name, which signifies 
"free," from its similarity to that given to it by the people of the 
country. 
8 This was an important city, near Antarados. Its ruins are spoken 
of as very extensive. Simyra is still called Sumira. 
y Now called Ruad ; an island off the northern coast of Phoenicia, at 
a distance of twenty stadia from the mainland, Pliny falling short here 
in his measurement. The city of Arados was very populous, though 
built on a mere rock ; and, contrary to Eastern custom, the houses con- 
tained many stories. It is spoken of by the prophet Ezekiel under the 
name of Arvad: see c. xxvii. 8, 11. In importance, it ranked next to 
the cities of Tyre and Sidon. 
Its modern name does not appear to be known. 
