468 
plint's natxjeal history, 
[Book y. 
fugitives, as its name implies \ and tliat of Marathesium ^. 
Above these places is Magnesia^, distinguished by the sur- 
name of the "Mseandrian,'' and sprung fro'mMagnesia inThes- 
saly : it is distant from Ephesus fifteen miles, and three more 
from Tralles. It formerly had the names of Thessaloche and 
Androlitia, and, lying on the sea-shore, it has withdrawn from 
the sea the islands known as the Derasidse"^ and joined them 
to the mainland. In the interior also is Thyatira^, washed 
by the Lyons ; for some time it was also called Pelopia and 
Euhippia^. 
Upon the coast again is Mantium, and Ephesus^, which 
was founded by the Amazons^, and formerly called by so 
many names : Alopes at the time of the Trojan war, after that 
Ortygia and Merges, and then Smyrna, with the surname of 
Trachia, as also Samornion and Ptelea. This city is built 
on Mount Pion, and is washed by the Cayster^, a river which 
rises in the Cilbian range and brings down the waters of 
many streams^^, as also of Lake Pegasseus", which receives 
^ He implies that it is derived from <pvyrj " flight." 
- Between Ephesus and NeapoUs. It belonged to the Samians who 
exchanged with the Ephesians for Neapohs, which lay nearer to their 
island. The modern Scala Nova occupies the site of one of them, it is 
uncertain which. 
3 Its ruins are to be seen at the modern Inek-Bazar. It was situate 
on the river Lethseus, a tributary of the Mseander. It was famous for its 
temple of Artemis Leucophryene, the ruins of which still exist. 
4 SeeB.ii. c. 91. 
5 ifow known as Ak-Hissar or the " White Castle." Strabo informs 
us that it was founded by Seleucus Nicator. 
^ From the excellence of its horses. 
7 Its ruins are to be seen near the modern Ayazaluk. It was the chief 
of the twelve Ionian cities on the coast of Asia Minor, and devoted to 
the worship of Artemis, whose temple here was deemed one of the won- 
ders of the world. Nothmg, except some traces of its foundations, is 
now to be seen of this stupendous building. 
^ It was more generally said to have been founded by the Carians and 
the Leleges. 
5 Now called the Kara-Su, or Black Biver, or Kuchuk-Meinder, or 
Little Mseander. 
It has been observed that though Pliny seems to say that the Cayster 
receives many streams, they must have had but a short course, and could 
only be so many channels by which the rivers descend from the mountain 
elopes that shut in the contracted basin of the river. 
" This lake, or marsh seems to be the morass situate on the road from 
