Cio6 0 
fedive) I refolved to make a more particular InrpecSi:ion into 
their Texture, and whereas they are generally faid to bee//^- 
710^ corio fuperinduShy upon a iii id Survey, there is Clothing 
Wood, but the Har^ile^ in either &i the n. The Ancient Ro- 
mans i obferve had Three Words^ Scutum, Varma^ & Clypep^s, 
for thai: defenfive Weapon we generally English a Shald,^h\z\\ 
notwithPranding their diife ent Forms or Ma^^er, their Au- 
thors (cfpedally in the Declenfion < i the Empi e) frequen cy 
confound, as, if I miftake not, we do Shttld, BuckUr, ?.nd 
Target. The Scutum^ ^Clyfem, in FornV, (]u<e cnirn roTu-nia^ 
m orhtm pftum rdata^ ^h'?^V ^^^^^^t T^ndot this i n are 
thofe votive Sheilds uponth^ Col zms or Trunk of P<3lm Trees, 
infcribsd, VIC. AVG. or DAC. PAR. &c, in their old 
Coins) (^ua in longurn exihant^ Scuta, hot li the Scutum and Tar- 
ma, are by very good Auth.or?_, as vveil more ancient as mo- 
dern, p. fitiveiy laid to be of Wood covered with Leather, 
and fo particuiaily Mr. Oh. Walhr^ in his late ingenious HtfL 
if Corns I but thecnfiiing Defoription will evince^ that Bernar- 
dm 2pfe f}on utdei; omnia This Sheild or Buckler is of the ?ar^ 
ma Kind, and rightly fo called, (juod e medio in omnes partes fit 
far. whereas the was molt ly Oval, tho'lbmetimes 
hrkatum^ with Corners equally broad, ic is Fifteen Inches 
Diameter^ whereof a little more than a third part is taken up 
with the Uryibo, or protuberant Bofs at the Navel, which is 
made of an l;on Convex Plate, wrought hollow on the infide, 
to receive the Gladiator's Hand, upon the Center of this is a 
lelTer Bols, wherein there f.ems to have been fixed, fome 
kind of Ctiffls^ or ibarp offenfivs Weapon, to be ufed when 
they came co fight Hand to Hand, but the Form of this I 
cannot deferibe^both the Sheilds being defedive in that point ; 
nor can I receive any Light from my Col!e<$lion of Coins, for 
tho' it feem to be the fame that Mars Bellator or Gradivm (^for 
Mars Qumnm is not armed or nurcbing) is lidiaily:. dglfTfcj^d 
I with, yet the Sheild' being carried in the Leff -Hand, only the 
Back Pare of it is apparent. From the.faid IJmho the Sheiki 
is Four Inches and an half broad on each fide, in which are 
II circular equidiftant Rows of Brafs Scads of that Size, that 
Vide Fig> 9. 222 are fet in the outmoft Circle, which is 4 Foot wanting 
3 Inches, (for that is the Circumference of the Buckler) and lb 
proportionabiy in the leffer Circles to the Center of the(e 11 
Rows of Brazen Studs, the inmoft Circle is placed upon the 
Umbo 
