164 VERTEBRATA. 
THE SONG-SPAEROW. 
The Grass-Bird or Bat-winged Sparrow — Fringilla graminea of De Kay — is five and a half 
inches long ; above gray, varied with dusky ; breast and flanks streaked with brown ; nest placed 
on the ground; ranges along the Atlantic States from Texas to latitude 57° north; many winter 
as far north as Pennsylvania. This is the Grass-Finch of Nuttall, and the Bay-winged Bunting 
of Audubon. 
The White-crowned Sparrow — leucophrys of De Kay — six and a half inches long ; the 
head white ; above brown and white ; beneath pale ash ; it is a northern species, migrating south 
in winter, as far as 28°. 
The White-throated Sparrow, F. Pennsylvanica, is six inches long ; above rufous, black and 
olive-brown ; beneath slate color ; found, in winter, in Maryland and Pennsylvania ; in summer, 
from Texas to Canada. 
Other species are the F. hicolor^ seven inches long ; found on the Western prairies : F. atrica- 
pilla, eight inches long ; found on the Rocky Mountains : F. cinerea, six inches long ; found in 
Texas and on the Columbia River : F. Townsendii, seven inches long ; found in the Rocky Moun- 
tains : F. Mortoni, five and a half inches long ; found in California : F. Texensis, four and a half 
inches long; found in Texas : F. Uarrisi, seven inches long; found on the upper Missouri. Sev- 
eral of the preceding are ranged by Audubon and some others under the name of Finches. 
Genus STRTJTHUS : Struthus. — This includes the Common Snow-Bird of Europe and the 
United States : the Snow-Bunting, or Snow-Fowl of England — Snow-Flake of the Hebrides ; 
Tawny-Bunting of Pennant — >S'. hyemalis — Plectrophanes nivalis of Yarrell — six inches long ; 
color bluish-black ; abdomen and lateral tail-feathers white ; it is a shy, timorous bird, seldom seen 
except during snow-storms, when it appears in flocks around the houses. At this time it presents 
much diversity of plumage, some being almost white, and others partially white. It is a northern 
