CLASS II. AYES: ORDEE 3. SCANSOEES. 
213 
is a constant visitor to the cherry-trees. For some unknown cause it is less abundant than for- 
merly in the Eastern and Middle States. 
THE GOLDEN-WINGED WOODPECKER. 
The Golden-winged Woodpecker, P. auratus — the Colaptes auratus of Swainson, is a splen- 
did bird, twelve inches long ; upper parts brown, spotted with black ; a red spot on the head ; 
under side of the wings salmon color; of the tail saffron; belly white, spotted with black; food, 
wood-lice, ants, larvae, cherries, grapes, berries, corn in the milk, &c. They build their nests in 
holes in the trees, which they dig out with astonishing celerity; they have been known to exca- 
vate a winding passage through solid oak fifteen, inches deep. When at work the strokes of their 
bill resound through the woods like the hammer of a carpenter. The eggs are about six, and 
pure white. When the brood take wing, they are exceedingly playful and noisy as they range 
from tree to tree in the forests or orchards. This bird goes by the various names of Pigeon- 
Woodpecker, WaJce-tqy, High-Hole, Flicker, and TucJcer ; in ]N"ew York it is called Clape, ?cad by 
the French in Louisiana, Pique-hois jaune. Found in Eastern North America. Another and 
similar species is the Eed-shafted Flicker, Colaptes Mexicanus, found in Western North America. 
The Crested Woodpecker, P.pileatus — Hijlatomus pileatus of Linnaeus — is eighteen inches 
long, and is sometimes called Log-Ooch and Wood-CocTc in New York; ranges from Mexico to 
60° north. The Ivory-billed Woodpecker, P . pirincipalis — Camp)ep)hilus p>rincipalis of Linnaeus 
— is a powerful and splendid species, twenty inches long; found in the Carolinas and southward. 
Other species are as follows, according to the Museum Catalogue of the Smithsonian Institution : 
the Imperial Woodpecker, CampepMlus imperialis ; chiefly in Central America and South- 
western Mexico. The Hairy Woodpecker, P. villosus, Northern and Western Eegions : three 
varieties of this — major, medius, minor. Harris's AYoodpecker, P. Harrisii, from Pacific 
to eastern slope of Eocky Mountains. Downy AYoodpecker, P. puhescens ; Eastern United 
States, toward the Eocky Mountains. Gairdner's Woodpecker, P. Gairdneri ; from Pacific to 
eastern base of Eocky Mountains. Nuttall's Woodpecker, P. Nutialli ; coast of California. 
P. scalaris ; Eocky Mountains, south of 35°, to Yucatan. Eed-cockaded Woodpecker, P. hore- 
alis ; Southern States. White-headed Woodpecker, P. albolarvatus ; Oregon and California.. 
Black-backed Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides Arcticus ; northern portions of United 
States, to the Arctic Eegions. Banded Three-toed Woodpecker, P. liirsutus ; Arctic Eegions 
of North America. Striped Three-toed Woodpecker, P. dorsalis ; Eocky Mountains. Yel- 
