CLASS II. AVES: ORDER 8. NATATORES. 
331 
habits the northern seas. It has the various popular names of Dove KiCy Sea-Dove, Sea-Pigeon^ 
Greenland Dove, Pigeon-Diver, and Ice-Bird. 
The Perroquet Auk, A. psittacula^ is eleven inches long, and abounds along the coast of 
Kamtschatka. It is said that they are so little suspicious, that the natives place a dress with 
large sleeves near their holes, into which the birds run, mistaking them for their burrows, and 
are thus entrapped. This and the preceding fly, dive, and swim with facility. 
The Penguins — Manchots of the French — resemble the auks, but the feathers of their wings are 
rudimentary, and covered with skin, so that they are like fins. These are very useful in swim- 
ming, but do not enable the birds to fly. There are several species, abounding in tlic Antarctic 
Seas, where they pass the greater portion of their time in the water, and appear rarely to stay 
any time on land, except during the breeding season. In the water they are exceedingly active, 
swimming and diving with the greatest facility, and making use of their little naked wings as fins, 
when engaged in the latter operation. When in motion on land, however, they employ these in 
place of an anterior pair of legs ; and by their assistance contrive to scuttle along so rapidly that 
when they are in motion among the tussocks of grass, they might readily be mistaken for quad- 
rupeds. They do not appear to have very acute sensations; Sparman tells us that he stumbled 
oyer a sleeping one and kicked it several yards without disturbing its rest. Forster says that he 
left several of them apparently lifeless while he went in pursuit of others, but they afterward got 
up and marched oflfwith their usual gravity. They hatch their eggs by holding them between 
their thighs, and when threatened with danger, move away, still retaining them in this position. 
During the period of incubation the male fishes for the female, and after the young are hatched 
both parents are engaged for a time in procuring their food. 
Genus EUDYPTES : Eudyptes. — This includes the Crested Penguin, E. chrysocome — the 
Mancliot Sauteuroi BufFon — size of a duck; 
it has a tuft of sulphur-colored feathers on 
the sides of its head. It leaps four or five 
feet out of vrater and then falls upon its 
prey. This is the Gorfim Sauteur of Lc 
Maout; found in the Antarctic Seas. 
Genus APTENODYTES : Aptenodytes, 
includes the Jackass Penguin, A. demersa^ 
of which Mr. Darwin gives the following 
pleasant account, the scene of the adventure 
bei ng the Falkland Islands, where these birds 
abound: "One day, having placed myself 
between one of these penguins and the 
water, I Avas much amused by watching its 
habits. It was a brave bird, and, till reach- 
ing the sea, it regularly fought and drove 
me backward. Nothing less than heavy 
blows would have stopped him ; every inch 
gained he firmly kept, standing close before 
me, erect and determined. When thus op- 
posed, he continually rolled his head from 
side to side, in a very odd manner, as if the 
power of vision only lay in the anterior and 
basal part of each eye. This bird is com- 
monly called the Jackass Pengtdn, from its 
habit, while on shore, of throwing its head 
backwai'd, and making a loud, strange noise, 
very like the braying of that animal ; but while at sea and undisturbed, its note is very deep and 
solemn, and is often heard in the night-time. In diving, its little plumeless wings are used aafins ; 
but on the land as front-legs. When crawling — it may be said on four legs — through the tus- 
THE JACKASS PENGUIN. 
